We examine spatial and temporal variability in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), snow cover and land surface temperature (LST) in Himachal Pradesh between 2001 and 2017 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets. Mann–Kendall trend tests and Sen's slope estimates indicate increasing NDVI trends during the postmonsoon period. Increasing snow cover trend is observed during winter and premonsoon whereas decreasing annual LST trends are observed for Himachal Pradesh. Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) indicate a strong positive correlation between NDVI and LST (PCC = .808) and strong negative correlation between LST and snow cover (PCC = −.809) and NDVI and snow cover (PCC = −.838). Coefficient of determination greater than .90, between MODIS LST and snow cover observations and weather station records, indicate fair representation of ground conditions using the MODIS dataset. Low (2.4°C/1,000 m) and steep (7.1°C/1,000 m) temperature lapse rate is observed during monsoon and winter, respectively.

中文翻译：

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利用MODIS数据集评估整个喜马al尔邦地表植被分布，积雪和温度的趋势

我们使用中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）数据集检查了喜马al尔邦2001年至2017年之间的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI），积雪和土地表面温度（LST）的时空变化。曼恩·肯德尔（Mann–Kendall）趋势测试和Sen的斜率估计表明，季风后NDVI趋势在增加。冬季和季风期间，积雪趋势增加，而喜马al尔邦的年度LST趋势下降。皮尔逊相关系数（PCC）表示NDVI与LST（PCC = .808）之间有很强的正相关，而LST与积雪（PCC = -.809）和NDVI与积雪之间有很强的负相关（PCC = -.838）。测定系数大于.90，在MODIS LST和积雪观测资料以及气象站记录之间，使用MODIS数据集可以很好地表示地面状况。在季风和冬季分别观察到低（2.4°C / 1,000 m）和陡峭（7.1°C / 1,000 m）温度下降率。