Weighted voting on the blockchain: Improving consensus in proof of stake protocols,International Journal of Network Management

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Weighted voting on the blockchain: Improving consensus in proof of stake protocols
International Journal of Network Management ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1002/nem.2093
Stefanos Leonardos _{1,

2} , Daniël Reijsbergen ₁ , Georgios Piliouras _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Proof of stake (PoS) protocols rely on voting mechanisms to reach consensus on the current state. If an enhanced majority of staking nodes, also called validators, agree on a proposed block, then this block is appended to the blockchain. Yet these protocols remain vulnerable to faults caused by validators who abstain either accidentally or maliciously. To protect against such faults while retaining the PoS selection and reward allocation schemes, we study weighted voting in validator committees. We formalize the block creation process and introduce validators' voting profiles which we update by a multiplicative weights algorithm relative to validators' voting behavior and aggregate blockchain rewards. Using this framework, we leverage weighted majority voting rules that optimize collective decision making to show, both numerically and analytically, that the consensus mechanism is more robust if validators' votes are appropriately scaled. We raise potential issues and limitations of weighted voting in trustless, decentralized networks and relate our results to the design of current PoS protocols.

中文翻译：

区块链上的加权投票：在权益证明协议中增进共识

股权证明（PoS）协议依靠投票机制来就当前状态达成共识。如果大多数放样节点（也称为验证者）在建议的区块上达成共识，则将该区块附加到区块链上。然而，这些协议仍然容易受到验证者意外或恶意弃权所引起的错误的影响。为了防止此类错误，同时保留PoS选择和奖励分配方案，我们在验证委员会中研究了加权投票。我们对区块创建过程进行形式化，并引入验证者的投票概况，并通过乘性权重进行更新与验证者的投票行为有关的算法，并汇总区块链奖励。使用此框架，我们利用加权多数投票规则来优化集体决策，无论是从数字上还是从分析上来看，如果验证者的投票得到适当缩放，共识机制将更加强大。我们提出了不信任，分散网络中加权投票的潜在问题和限制，并将我们的结果与当前PoS协议的设计联系起来。

更新日期：2020-02-18

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