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Spatiotemporal reconstructions of global CO 2 ‐fluxes using Gaussian Markov random fields
Environmetrics ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-21 , DOI: 10.1002/env.2610
Unn Dahlén 1 , Johan Lindström 1 , Marko Scholze 2
Affiliation  

Atmospheric inverse modeling is a method for reconstructing historical fluxes of green‐house gas between land and atmosphere, using observed atmospheric concentrations and an atmospheric tracer transport model. The small number of observed atmospheric concentrations in relation to the number of unknown flux components makes the inverse problem ill‐conditioned, and assumptions on the fluxes are needed to constrain the solution. A common practice is to model the fluxes using latent Gaussian fields with a mean structure based on estimated fluxes from combinations of process modeling (natural fluxes) and statistical bookkeeping (anthropogenic emissions). Here, we reconstruct global CO2 flux fields by modeling fluxes using Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs), resulting in a flexible and computational beneficial model with a Matern‐like spatial covariance and a temporal covariance arriving from an autoregressive model in time domain. In contrast to previous inversions, the flux is defined on a spatially continuous domain, and the traditionally discrete flux representation is replaced by integrated fluxes at the resolution specified by the transport model. This formulation removes aggregation errors in the flux covariance, due to the traditional representation of area integrals by fluxes at discrete points, and provides a model closer resembling real‐life space–time continuous fluxes.

中文翻译:

使用高斯马尔可夫随机场重建全球 CO 2 通量的时空重建

大气逆模拟是一种利用观测到的大气浓度和大气示踪剂传输模型重建陆地和大气之间温室气体历史通量的方法。相对于未知通量分量的数量,观测到的大气浓度的数量较少,这使得逆问题病态,需要对通量进行假设来约束解。一种常见的做法是使用具有平均结构的潜在高斯场对通量进行建模,该平均结构基于来自过程建模(自然通量)和统计簿记(人为排放)组合的估计通量。在这里,我们通过使用高斯马尔可夫随机场 (GMRF) 对通量进行建模来重建全球 CO2 通量场,产生了一个灵活且计算有益的模型,具有类似 Matern 的空间协方差和来自时域自回归模型的时间协方差。与之前的反演相反,通量是在空间连续域上定义的,传统的离散通量表示被以传输模型指定的分辨率的积分通量代替。该公式消除了通量协方差中的聚集误差,这是由于离散点处的通量对面积积分的传统表示,并提供了一个更类似于现实生活中的时空连续通量的模型。并且传统的离散通量表示被以传输模型指定的分辨率的积分通量代替。该公式消除了通量协方差中的聚集误差,这是由于离散点处的通量对面积积分的传统表示,并提供了一个更类似于现实生活中的时空连续通量的模型。并且传统的离散通量表示被以传输模型指定的分辨率的积分通量代替。该公式消除了通量协方差中的聚集误差,这是由于离散点处的通量对面积积分的传统表示,并提供了一个更类似于现实生活中的时空连续通量的模型。
更新日期:2019-12-21
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