Chloropyrimidine-based reactive dyes are reported as well suited to textile printing; however, nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyrimidines with amino-containing chromophores is slow and often suffers from poor yields. In this study, a novel and simple method was developed for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine-based reactive dye under microwave irradiation. In addition, the dye was also synthesised by conventional heating for comparison, which took both the reaction time and yield into account. The progress of the synthesis reactions concerned were monitored using capillary electrophoresis and the purity of the dye obtained was assessed by thin-layer chromatography. The structure of the synthesised trichloropyrimidine dye was confirmed by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It was found that the reaction rate of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution carried out under microwave irradiation was 4-fold faster than that carried out under conventional heating, although the enhancement in product yield was modest. These results suggest that microwave irradiation is an effective technique for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine-based reactive dyes. The synthesised chloropyrimidine dye was formulated into an ink and applied onto a wool fabric by ink-jet printing. The printed fabrics were steamed at 102°C for 5-25 minutes at 5-minute intervals. Good K/S and rate of dye fixation were obtained, both of which improved with increasing steaming time. The prints obtained exhibited reasonably good light and wash fastness properties.

中文翻译：

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喷墨印刷用活性染料的绿色合成

据报道，基于氯嘧啶的活性染料也适用于纺织品印花；然而，用含氨基的发色团对氯嘧啶进行亲核芳族取代反应缓慢，而且往往收率低。在这项研究中，开发了一种在微波辐射下合成氯嘧啶基活性染料的新方法。此外，该染料还通过常规加热合成进行比较，既考虑了反应时间，也考虑了产率。使用毛细管电泳监测相关合成反应的进程，并通过薄层色谱评估所得染料的纯度。合成的三氯嘧啶染料的结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和元素分析得到证实。发现在微波辐射下进行的亲核芳香取代反应速率比在常规加热下进行的反应速度快 4 倍，尽管产物产率的提高是适度的。这些结果表明微波辐射是合成氯嘧啶基活性染料的有效技术。将合成的氯嘧啶染料配制成油墨并通过喷墨印刷应用于羊毛织物上。将印花织物以 5 分钟的间隔在 102°C 下蒸 5-25 分钟。获得了良好的 K/S 和固色率，两者都随着汽蒸时间的增加而提高。获得的印刷品显示出相当好的耐光性和耐洗性。