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Healing while parasitized: impact of a naturally‐occurring nematode during energy‐intensive wound‐healing in a beetle
Physiological Entomology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 , DOI: 10.1111/phen.12317
Andrew K. Davis 1 , Lexi Calderon 2 , Jake Lefeuvre 3 , Stuart Sims 1 , Jana Pearce 1 , Cody Prouty 1
Affiliation  

The rigours of the daily lives of insects sometimes lead to minor injuries and wounds, which must be healed to avoid entry of pathogens and to resume normal function. Such healing requires energy, which must be diverted from other bodily reserves. What happens if energy reserves are already low, as would occur in individuals coping with internal parasites? This question is addressed in the presemt study, using horned passalus beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) and their naturally‐occurring nematode Chondronema passali. Oxygen consumption rates are tested at rest, as well as after an experimental wound is applied, to evaluate energy requirements of wound‐healing in parasitized and nonparasitized hosts. Furthermore, wound‐healing rates are visually tracked with a numerical scoring system to directly measure the cost of parasitism on healing. At rest, parasitized beetles show no elevation in respiration (oxygen consumption). After wounding, the oxygen consumption of parasitized beetles is 10% higher than that in nonparasitized beetles. Beetles with moderate‐ to heavy worm burdens have slower healing than those with few or no nematodes. These results show that this parasite carries little cost to the host during day‐to‐day activities, whereas, during times of immediate energy demand, there is a cost; hosts require more energy to repair wounds, and the wounds take longer to close. This conclusion leads to the question of whether this parasite is truly benign, and how many other apparently benign parasites, in insects or other animals, have similar ‘hidden’ effects.

中文翻译:

寄生时愈合:甲虫能量密集型伤口愈合过程中自然发生的线虫的影响

昆虫日常生活的严酷有时会导致轻微的伤害和伤口,必须愈合以避免病原体进入并恢复正常功能。这种治愈需要能量,而这些能量必须从其他身体储备中转移。如果能量储备已经很低,会发生什么情况,就像个体应对内部寄生虫一样?这个问题在 presemt 研究中得到解决,使用有角的 passalus 甲虫 (Odontotaenius disjunctus) 和它们自然发生的线虫 Chondronema passali。在休息时以及应用实验伤口后测试耗氧率,以评估寄生和非寄生宿主伤口愈合的能量需求。此外,伤口愈合率可以通过数字评分系统进行视觉跟踪,以直接测量寄生在愈合过程中的成本。在休息,寄生甲虫的呼吸(耗氧量)没有升高。受伤后,寄生甲虫的耗氧量比未寄生甲虫高10%。与线虫很少或没有线虫的甲虫相比,具有中度至重度蠕虫负担的甲虫愈合速度较慢。这些结果表明,这种寄生虫在日常活动中给宿主带来的成本很小,而在即时能量需求期间,则是有成本的;宿主需要更多的能量来修复伤口,伤口需要更长的时间才能闭合。这一结论引出了一个问题,即这种寄生虫是否真的是良性的,以及在昆虫或其他动物中,有多少其他明显的良性寄生虫具有类似的“隐藏”效应。寄生甲虫的耗氧量比非寄生甲虫高10%。与线虫很少或没有线虫的甲虫相比,具有中度至重度蠕虫负担的甲虫愈合速度较慢。这些结果表明,这种寄生虫在日常活动中给宿主带来的成本很小,而在即时能量需求期间,则是有成本的;宿主需要更多的能量来修复伤口,伤口需要更长的时间才能闭合。这一结论引出了一个问题,即这种寄生虫是否真的是良性的,以及在昆虫或其他动物中,有多少其他明显的良性寄生虫具有类似的“隐藏”效应。寄生甲虫的耗氧量比非寄生甲虫高10%。与线虫很少或没有线虫的甲虫相比,具有中度至重度蠕虫负担的甲虫愈合速度较慢。这些结果表明,这种寄生虫在日常活动中对宿主几乎没有成本,而在即时能源需求期间,则是有成本的;宿主需要更多的能量来修复伤口,伤口需要更长的时间才能闭合。这一结论引出了一个问题,即这种寄生虫是否真的是良性的,以及在昆虫或其他动物中,有多少其他明显的良性寄生虫具有类似的“隐藏”效应。这些结果表明,这种寄生虫在日常活动中给宿主带来的成本很小,而在即时能量需求期间,则是有成本的;宿主需要更多的能量来修复伤口,伤口需要更长的时间才能闭合。这一结论引出了一个问题,即这种寄生虫是否真的是良性的,以及在昆虫或其他动物中,有多少其他明显的良性寄生虫具有类似的“隐藏”效应。这些结果表明,这种寄生虫在日常活动中给宿主带来的成本很小,而在即时能量需求期间,则是有成本的;宿主需要更多的能量来修复伤口,伤口需要更长的时间才能闭合。这一结论引出了一个问题,即这种寄生虫是否真的是良性的,以及在昆虫或其他动物中,有多少其他明显的良性寄生虫具有类似的“隐藏”效应。
更新日期:2019-12-16
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