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A comparison of ten digestive enzymes reveals a lack of chitinase in a phasmid and the loss of two β‐glucanases in a mantid
Physiological Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: 10.1111/phen.12319
Joseph Woodring 1
Affiliation  

In all developmental stages, the phasmid Peruphasma schultei (Conle & Hennemann, 2005) is an obligate herbivore, whereas the mantid Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, 1838) is an obligatory carnivore. In P. schultei, the luminal activity of all enzymes is approxximately 50% in the crop and 50% in the midgut, which corresponds to the approximate 50 : 50 ratio of volumes of these two regions. These ratios would be expected in insects with a constant feeding rate on an unvaried diet. The enzyme activity and volume ratios in Hierodula membranacea vary considerably because of the irregular feeding habits. These differences in activity ratios between phasmids and mantids are not associated with the obligate phytophagous or carnivorous diet. The ratio of membrane bound to luminal aminopeptidases and disaccharidases in the midgut of both species are not significantly different and are within the normal range of other paurometabolous insects. Cellobiase and other plant cell wall digesting enzymes, laminarinase and cellobiase, are present in the phasmid but totally lacking in the mantid. The obligate carnivorous feeding habits of mantids could represent a selective factor leading to the loss of the ability to produce β‐glucanases. Chitinase is a moulting enzyme in all insects, whereas, in H. membranacea, chitinase also occurs as a luminal digestive enzyme. This modified enzyme function requires production and secretion in another tissue, namely the midgut.

中文翻译:

十种消化酶的比较揭示了一个噬菌体中缺乏几丁质酶,而螳螂中则失去了两种 β-葡聚糖酶

在所有发育阶段,蛴螬Perphasma schultei (Conle & Hennemann, 2005) 是一种专性食草动物,而螳螂妖Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, 1838) 是一种专性食肉动物。在 P. schultei 中,所有酶的管腔活性在作物中大约为 50%,在中肠中为 50%,这对应于这两个区域大约 50:50 的体积比。这些比率在以不变饮食的恒定进食率的昆虫中是预期的。由于不规则的摄食习性,Hierodula membranacea 中的酶活性和体积比变化很大。phasmids 和螳螂之间活动比率的这些差异与专性植食性或肉食性饮食无关。两种物种的中肠中膜结合到管腔氨肽酶和双糖酶的比率没有显着差异,并且在其他无代谢昆虫的正常范围内。纤维二糖酶和其他植物细胞壁消化酶、海带多糖酶和纤维二糖酶存在于噬粒中,但在螳螂妖中完全缺乏。螳螂的专性食肉习性可能是导致丧失产生β-葡聚糖酶能力的一个选择因素。几丁质酶在所有昆虫中都是一种蜕皮酶,而在 H.membranacea 中,几丁质酶也作为腔内消化酶出现。这种经过修饰的酶功能需要在另一个组织中产生和分泌,即中肠。纤维二糖酶和其他植物细胞壁消化酶、海带多糖酶和纤维二糖酶存在于噬粒中,但在螳螂妖中完全缺乏。螳螂的专性食肉习性可能是导致丧失产生β-葡聚糖酶能力的一个选择因素。几丁质酶在所有昆虫中都是一种蜕皮酶,而在 H.membranacea 中,几丁质酶也作为腔内消化酶出现。这种经过修饰的酶功能需要在另一个组织中产生和分泌,即中肠。纤维二糖酶和其他植物细胞壁消化酶、海带多糖酶和纤维二糖酶存在于噬粒中,但在螳螂妖中完全缺乏。螳螂的专性食肉习性可能是导致丧失产生β-葡聚糖酶能力的一个选择因素。几丁质酶在所有昆虫中都是一种蜕皮酶,而在 H.membranacea 中,几丁质酶也作为腔内消化酶出现。这种经过修饰的酶功能需要在另一个组织中产生和分泌,即中肠。几丁质酶也作为内腔消化酶出现。这种经过修饰的酶功能需要在另一个组织中产生和分泌,即中肠。几丁质酶也作为内腔消化酶出现。这种经过修饰的酶功能需要在另一个组织中产生和分泌,即中肠。
更新日期:2020-01-15
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