Measuring the burst speeds of fish has long been problematic due to the lack of in situ measurements. Using boat‐mounted cameras, we recorded video of invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the field as they were leaping from the water and measured their leap height, horizontal distance, and angle of escape and estimated their escape velocity. Leap characteristics, fish morphometrics, and environmental data were measured from populations of carp in Mississippi, Missouri, and Illinois. The means for leap height and distance (±SE) across all of the study areas were 125 ± 5.54 and 209 ± 9.10 cm, respectively. The maximum leap height that was recorded was 276.08 cm (in Ramsey Creek, Missouri), and the maximum distance was 482.34 cm (in DeSoto Lake, Mississippi), both more than double the mean values. The majority of carp (66.1%) leaped at angles between 46° and 65°. The mean water escape velocities (WEV) varied across the three study sites. The velocities in Missouri, 628.4 ± 31.6 cm/s, were significantly higher than they were in Mississippi, 471.2 ± 16.9 cm/s or in Illinois, 551.7 ± 20.6 cm/s. The maximum measured escape velocity was 771 cm/s, but the maximum estimated WEV was substantially higher at 1,280 cm/s. Larger Silver Carp were captured at lower latitudes: 54.79 ± 0.74 cm in Illinois, 60.86 ± 0.75 cm in Missouri, and 73.09 ± 1.03 cm in Mississippi. A regression analysis indicated that leap distance and height were correlated with fish size, escape velocity, and angle of escape and that escape velocity was correlated with streamflow velocity, fish size, and water temperature. This study provides a first‐time quantification of the leap characteristics and escape velocities of Silver Carp, which we believe approximates their maximum burst swim speeds. Therefore, these data can be used to develop or refine effective vertical and hydraulic barriers to the dispersal of Silver Carp. The data also demonstrate that the leaping and high‐speed swimming capabilities of Silver Carp are greater than has been assumed previously.

中文翻译：

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利用原位视频分析法分析银鲤的跳跳特征和逃逸速度

由于缺乏现场测量，测量鱼的爆发速度一直存在问题。使用船上摄像机，我们记录了侵袭性银鲤下眼鲷的视频他们在野外从水中跳跃时，测量了跳跃高度，水平距离和逃生角度，并估算了逃生速度。从密西西比州，密苏里州和伊利诺伊州的鲤鱼种群中测量跳跃特征，鱼类形态和环境数据。所有研究区域的跳跃高度和距离平均值（±SE）分别为125±5.54和209±9.10 cm。记录的最大跳跃高度为276.08厘米（在密苏里州的拉姆西溪），最大距离为482.34厘米（在密西西比州的德索托湖），均超过平均值的两倍。大多数鲤鱼（66.1％）以46°至65°的角度跳跃。三个研究地点的平均水逃逸速度（WEV）有所不同。密苏里州的速度，628.4±31.6 cm / s，显着高于密西西比州的471.2±16.9 cm / s或伊利诺伊州的551.7±20.6 cm / s。测得的最大逃逸速度为771 cm / s，但最大估计的WEV明显更高，为1,280 cm / s。在较低的纬度上捕获了较大的银鲤：伊利诺伊州为54.79±0.74 cm，密苏里州为60.86±0.75 cm，密西西比州为73.09±1.03 cm。回归分析表明，跳跃距离和高度与鱼的大小，逃逸速度和逃生角度相关，逃逸速度与水流速度，鱼的大小和水温相关。这项研究首次量化了银鲤的跳跃特征和逃逸速度，我们认为它们近似于它们的最大爆发游泳速度。因此，这些数据可用于开发或完善有效的垂直和水力屏障，以消除银鲤。数据还表明，银鲤鱼的跳跃和高速游泳能力要比以前设想的要大。