Nutritional programming represents the mechanism through which broodstock feeding strategies have lifelong effects on the offspring generation. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock diets with choline and methionine affects offspring growth performance. Experimental diets were produced by top‐dressing a commercial broodstock diet with (a) 12,000 ppm methionine, (b) 7,400 ppm choline, (c) 12,000 ppm methionine and 7,400 ppm choline, or (d) water (control). Six rainbow trout families were fed experimental diets beginning 18 months post‐hatch through spawning; the offspring consumed a commercial diet. The broodstock diet did not affect maternal body weight, body condition, egg size, or egg yield (p > .05). Eggs from choline‐treated broodstock contained 10% more choline than control eggs (p < .05). Offspring from choline‐treated broodstock were smaller than controls at 146 days post‐hatch (dph) (p < .05). At the final harvest (439 dph), offspring from the control broodstock weighed 12–18% less than offspring from broodstock consuming the supplemented diets (p < .05). However, there was a significant diet‐by‐family interaction on offspring growth (p < .05); supplemented diets improved performance in three of the six broodstock families. These findings indicate that supplementing broodstock diets with methionine and choline causes a nutritional programming effect that benefits growth in offspring.

中文翻译：

---

用胆碱和蛋氨酸补充虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）亲鱼饮食可改善后代的生长

营养计划代表了亲鱼喂养策略对后代产生终生影响的机制。这项研究的目的是确定补充虹鳟鱼，Oncorhynchus mykiss亲虾日粮中添加胆碱和蛋氨酸是否会影响后代的生长性能。实验性日粮是通过在商业亲鱼日粮中添加（a）12,000 ppm蛋氨酸，（b）7400 ppm胆碱，（c）12,000 ppm蛋氨酸和7400 ppm胆碱或（d）水（对照）制成。六个虹鳟鱼家庭在孵化后18个月开始通过产卵喂饲实验性饮食。后代食用商业饮食。亲虾饮食不影响孕妇的体重，身体状况，蛋的大小或蛋的产量（p > .05）。胆碱处理过的亲鱼的卵胆碱含量比对照卵高10％（p  <.05）。孵化后146 d（dph），经胆碱处理的亲鱼的后代比对照组小（p  <.05）。在最终收获期（439 dph），对照亲鱼的后代比食用补充饮食的亲鱼的后代轻12-18％（p  <.05）。但是，饮食与家庭之间的相互作用对后代的生长有显着影响（p  <.05）；补充饮食改善了六个亲鱼家庭中的三个的性能。这些发现表明，在亲虾日粮中添加蛋氨酸和胆碱会产生营养编程效果，从而有益于后代的生长。