In 2008, a canker disease caused by the fungus Corinectria constricta was detected in southern Chile. The causal agent was previously identified as Neonectria fuckeliana (now Corinectria fuckeliana), which has been associated with stem cankers in Pinus radiata plantations in New Zealand since the 1990s. Many basic aspects of the life cycle of C. constricta remain unknown. The current study aimed to (a) document the periods during which C. constricta fruiting bodies are present in P. radiata plantations and associated factors; (b) determine the C. constricta life cycle in P. radiata plantations in southern Chile; and (c) evaluate, under in vitro conditions, the sporulation dynamics of ascospores. The first and second aims were carried out by evaluating affected plantations every 15 days, identifying asexual and sexual fungal structures, and recording the time periods when the structures were present. The third aim was achieved with in vitro tests in Petri dishes simulating humidity chambers. The life cycle was characterized by the presence of sporodochia from the Cylindrocarpon‐like (asexual form of C. constricta) morph during the autumn of 2012 (March–May). Subsequently, perithecia began to form on the sporodochia during April of 2012, taking approximately 3 months to mature (May–July), persisting for the rest of the year and providing inoculum to infect new trees. The development of perithecia in winter demonstrates that this is the most important period for dispersal and infection. In terms of sporulation dynamics, perithecia can release ascospores up to eight days following a wetting event; without this event, the spores are not released.

中文翻译：

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智利辐射松茎can病的致病因子-收缩小Corinectria的生命周期和体外孢子形成动力学

2008年，在智利南部发现了由真菌Corinectria constricta引起的溃疡病。该病原菌先前被鉴定为Neonectria fuckeliana（现为Corinectria fuckeliana），自1990年代以来就与新西兰辐射松人工林的茎stem病有关。缩血梭菌生命周期的许多基本方面仍然未知。当前的研究旨在（a）记录C的时期。 放射状人工林中存在缩窄子实体和相关因素；（b）确定辐射假单胞菌的收缩小球藻的生命周期智利南部的人工林；（c）在体外条件下评估子囊孢子的孢子形成动力学。第一个和第二个目标是通过每15天评估受影响的人工林，确定无性和有性真菌结构并记录存在该结构的时间段来实现的。第三个目标是通过在培养皿中模拟湿度箱的体外测试实现的。的生命周期的特点是sporodochia的存在从Cylindrocarpon-等（无性形式C.缢）在2012年秋天（3月至5月）变形。随后，蠕虫在2012年4月开始形成孢子囊膜，大约需要3个月的时间成熟（5月至7月），并持续一年的时间，并提供接种新树的接种物。冬季皮膜的发展表明，这是传播和感染的最重要时期。就孢子形成动力学而言，在湿润事件发生后的八天之内，皮膜可释放子囊孢子。没有此事件，孢子不会释放。