Abstract In this paper, the impact of window parameters (shape, design, sizes, position and orientation) on the building thermal comfort (temperature, relative humidity and discomfort period), energy consumption (lighting loads, heating and cooling loads and total energy consumption) and cost, and environment effect (CO2 emissions) is analysed under hot semi-arid climate conditions. This study considers the effective window design parameters; window to wall area ratio (WWR), position on the wall, and orientation. An experimental setup is used to validate the numerical solution of the mathematical model by Design-Builder software. Results show that window at north has the minimum interior temperature, discomfort hours, cooling load, CO2 emissions, total energy consumption and energy cost, and maximum lighting, relative humidity and heating load and contrarily the window at south. Window characteristics haven’t great effect on the relative humidity. Increasing WWR increases the cooling load, interior temperature, energy consumption and cost and decreases lighting and heating loads. Window shape ratio (2-1) and middle position represent the lowest in the energy consumption contrarily ratio (1-3) and down position. Controlling, studied window parameters reduces annual cooling load by about 30%, lighting power, CO2 emissions, annual energy consumption and energy cost by about 39%, 22%, 24% and 21%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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窗户参数对建筑围护结构的热舒适性、能耗和成本与环境的影响

摘要 本文研究了窗户参数（形状、设计、尺寸、位置和朝向）对建筑热舒适性（温度、相对湿度和不适期）、能耗（照明负荷、冷热负荷和总能耗）的影响。 ) 和成本，以及在炎热的半干旱气候条件下分析环境影响（CO2 排放）。本研究考虑了有效的窗户设计参数；窗墙面积比 (WWR)、在墙上的位置和方向。Design-Builder 软件使用实验装置来验证数学模型的数值解。结果表明，北窗具有最低的室内温度、不适时间、冷负荷、二氧化碳排放量、总能耗和能源成本以及最大照明，相对湿度和热负荷，与南侧的窗户相反。窗户特性对相对湿度影响不大。增加 WWR 会增加冷却负荷、室内温度、能源消耗和成本，并减少照明和加热负荷。窗形比（2-1）和中间位置代表能耗最低的相反比（1-3）和向下位置。控制、研究的窗户参数使年冷负荷减少约 30%，照明功率、二氧化碳排放量、年能耗和能源成本分别减少约 39%、22%、24% 和 21%。窗形比（2-1）和中间位置代表能耗最低的相反比（1-3）和向下位置。控制、研究的窗户参数使年冷负荷减少约 30%，照明功率、二氧化碳排放量、年能耗和能源成本分别减少约 39%、22%、24% 和 21%。窗形比（2-1）和中间位置代表能耗最低的相反比（1-3）和向下位置。控制、研究的窗户参数使年冷负荷减少约 30%，照明功率、二氧化碳排放量、年能耗和能源成本分别减少约 39%、22%、24% 和 21%。