ABSTRACT Background: Quantitative effects of large-scale oil palm expansion in the Neotropics on biodiversity and carbon stocks are still poorly documented. Aims: We evaluated differences in tree species composition and richness, and above-ground carbon stocks among dominant land cover types in Pará state, Brazil. Methods: We quantified tree species composition and richness and above-ground carbon stock in stands in remnant primary rain forest, young secondary forest, oil palm plantation and pastures. Results: We sampled 5,696 trees with a DBH ≥ 2 cm, of 413 species in 68 families, of which 381 species were recorded in primary forest fragments. We found significant differences in species richness and carbon stock among the four land cover classes. Carbon stocks in remnant primary forest were typically over 190 Mg ha−1, while those in other land cover types were typically less than 60 Mg ha−1. Conclusion: Oil palm plantations have a species-poor tree community given active management; old plantations have a standing carbon stock which is comparable to that of secondary forest and far greater than that of pastures. Private forest reserves within oil palm company holdings play an important role in preserving primary forest tree diversity in human-modified landscapes in Amazonia.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊油棕景观中树木多样性和碳储量的异质性

摘要 背景：新热带地区大规模油棕扩张对生物多样性和碳储量的定量影响仍鲜有记载。目的：我们评估了巴西帕拉州主要土地覆盖类型在树种组成和丰富度以及地上碳储量方面的差异。方法：我们量化了残余原始雨林、幼小次生林、油棕种植园和牧场中林分的树种组成和丰富度以及地上碳储量。结果：我们采集了胸径≥2 cm的树木5696株，共68科413种，其中原始森林碎片记录了381种。我们发现四种土地覆盖类别之间的物种丰富度和碳储量存在显着差异。残余原始森林中的碳储量通常超过 190 Mg ha−1，而其他土地覆盖类型中的那些通常小于 60 Mg ha-1。结论：油棕种植园的树木群落物种贫乏，给予积极管理；老种植园的常备碳储量可与次生林相媲美，但远高于牧场。油棕公司控股内的私人森林保护区在保护亚马逊地区人类改造景观中的原始林木多样性方面发挥着重要作用。