Abstract Norton SA, Amirbahman A, Bacon L, Ewing HA, Novak M, Nurse A, Retelle M, Stager JC, Yates M. 2019. Chemical, biological, and trophic status of temperate lakes can be strongly influenced by the presence of late-glacial marine sediments. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:14–30. Lake Auburn, Maine, is a water supply for 60,000 people. Unusual silt/clay sediment, >4 m thick, occurs 15 cm below gyttja in deep water cores. We characterized cores taken in 2015 and 2016 (57 and 425 cm long, respectively), from 35 m. We determined 137Cs, 210Pb, and 206P/204Pb ratios to establish chronology for the cores and to link them stratigraphically. At least 1.1 m of sediment has accumulated since European settlement due to watershed erosion from land clearance and disturbance from about 1750 onward. The increased lake level from dams established in 1851 and the 1950–1960s has caused shoreline erosion. Extraction of sediment with HCl, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) for at least the upper 3.5 m of sediment. The apatite is soluble because of the circumneutral pH and relatively low Ca2+ concentrations. This modern sediment is derived from postglacial marine silt/clay sediment and represents a rarely considered internal source of P that predisposes the lake’s water column to higher total P, rendering it more susceptible to episodic eutrophication from stresses including higher temperatures, more frequent high-intensity weather phenomena, and longer ice-free periods with stronger and longer stratification. This previously unrecognized source of P must be considered in water quality management, including chemical mitigation such as aluminum addition, lake level manipulation, and watershed erosion control. Similar situations likely exist in other coastal lakes in postglacial terrain that was inundated during deglaciation, and in inland lakes receiving sediment directly during deglaciation.

中文翻译：

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温带湖泊的化学、生物和营养状态会受到晚冰期海洋沉积物的强烈影响

摘要 Norton SA、Amirbahman A、Bacon L、Ewing HA、Novak M、Nurse A、Retelle M、Stager JC、Yates M. 2019 年。温带湖泊的化学、生物和营养状况会受到晚冰川海洋沉积物。湖泊保护区管理。36:14-30。缅因州奥本湖是 60,000 人的供水源。在深水岩心中 gyttja 下方 15 cm 处出现不寻常的粉砂/粘土沉积物，厚度 >4 m。我们表征了 2015 年和 2016 年（分别为 57 和 425 厘米长）从 35 m 处采集的岩心。我们确定了 137Cs、210Pb 和 206P/204Pb 的比率，以建立岩心的年代顺序并在地层上将它们联系起来。由于大约 1750 年以后土地清理和干扰造成的流域侵蚀，自欧洲人定居以来，至少积累了 1.1 m 的沉积物。1851 年和 1950-1960 年代建立的大坝导致湖水水位升高，导致海岸线侵蚀。用 HCl 提取沉积物、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱分析证实，至少在沉积物的上部 3.5 m 中存在磷灰石 (Ca5(PO4)3(OH))。由于周围的 pH 值和相对较低的 Ca2+ 浓度，磷灰石是可溶的。这种现代沉积物来自冰后海洋淤泥/粘土沉积物，代表了一种很少被考虑的内部磷源，它使湖泊水体易于达到更高的总磷，使其更容易受到压力（包括更高的温度、更频繁的高强度）造成的偶发性富营养化的影响。天气现象，以及更长的无冰期，具有更强和更长的分层。在水质管理中必须考虑这种以前未被认识的 P 来源，包括化学缓解，如添加铝、湖泊水位控制和流域侵蚀控制。类似的情况可能存在于冰消期期间被淹没的冰后地形的其他沿海湖泊中，以及在冰消期期间直接接收沉积物的内陆湖泊中。