Abstract This paper reviews current knowledge on two feedstuffs, that is, insect meal and fish by-products, as alternatives to conventional animal protein sources. After an introductory part that highlights the need for sustainable development of animal production, the alternative protein sources are discussed. In particular, after providing some indications on their production and supply focussing on EU, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was performed to identify the key factors that could help or impair the development of both protein sources production sectors. Finally, future perspectives are presented. The use of processed animal proteins derived from insects in farmed fish feeding is recognised by the EU legislation that authorises the use of proteins from seven insect species and the allowed substrates to rear insects. Insects have several advantages in nutritional value and the amino acid composition of their proteins generally meet animal requirements for good growth and health. The SWOT analysis indicated that insect meals can be considered as feed functional ingredients with beneficial properties that depend on the insect species, rearing system adopted, and the substrate used for their growth. Insects are expected to be increasingly used as a replacement for conventional animal-derived proteins, especially in aquafeeds. In the section regarding fishery and aquaculture by-products, the potential use of raw materials obtained during seafood processing is discussed. Peptides and amino acids recovered from as hydrolysed proteins can be used in animal feeds to partially substitute conventional protein feedstuffs thus providing nutrients, bioactive compounds and feed additives for animals. The SWOT analysis identified opportunities and weaknesses. Both the alternative protein sources are promising alternative feed ingredients for livestock production. Highlights The sustainable development of animal production sector needs alternative protein sources for feeds formulation. Insects and fishery- and aquaculture by-products represent optimal alternative protein sources. A SWOT analysis has identified the key factors for the development of both protein sources production sectors.

中文翻译：

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昆虫和鱼类副产品作为动物营养中常规动物蛋白的可持续替代品

摘要 本文回顾了目前关于两种饲料原料的知识，即昆虫粉和鱼副产品，作为传统动物蛋白来源的替代品。在强调动物生产可持续发展的必要性的介绍部分之后，讨论了替代蛋白质来源。特别是，在提供了一些以欧盟为重点的生产和供应迹象之后，进行了 SWOT（优势、劣势、机会和威胁）分析，以确定可能有助于或损害这两个蛋白质来源生产部门发展的关键因素。最后，提出了未来的展望。在养殖鱼类饲养中使用来自昆虫的加工动物蛋白得到欧盟立法的认可，该立法授权使用来自七种昆虫的蛋白质和允许的底物饲养昆虫。昆虫在营养价值方面具有多种优势，其蛋白质的氨基酸组成通常满足动物良好生长和健康的需要。SWOT 分析表明，昆虫粉可被视为具有有益特性的饲料功能成分，这取决于昆虫种类、采用的饲养系统和用于其生长的基质。预计昆虫将越来越多地用作传统动物源蛋白质的替代品，尤其是在水产饲料中。在关于渔业和水产养殖副产品的部分，讨论了海产品加工过程中获得的原材料的潜在用途。从水解蛋白质中回收的肽和氨基酸可用于动物饲料，以部分替代常规蛋白质饲料，从而为动物提供营养、生物活性化合物和饲料添加剂。SWOT 分析确定了机会和弱点。这两种替代蛋白质来源都是用于畜牧生产的有前途的替代饲料成分。亮点 动物生产部门的可持续发展需要饲料配方的替代蛋白质来源。昆虫、渔业和水产养殖副产品是最佳的替代蛋白质来源。SWOT 分析确定了两个蛋白质来源生产部门发展的关键因素。从水解蛋白质中回收的肽和氨基酸可用于动物饲料，以部分替代常规蛋白质饲料，从而为动物提供营养、生物活性化合物和饲料添加剂。SWOT 分析确定了机会和弱点。这两种替代蛋白质来源都是用于畜牧生产的有前途的替代饲料成分。亮点 动物生产部门的可持续发展需要饲料配方的替代蛋白质来源。昆虫、渔业和水产养殖副产品是最佳的替代蛋白质来源。SWOT 分析确定了两个蛋白质来源生产部门发展的关键因素。从水解蛋白质中回收的肽和氨基酸可用于动物饲料，以部分替代常规蛋白质饲料，从而为动物提供营养、生物活性化合物和饲料添加剂。SWOT 分析确定了机会和弱点。这两种替代蛋白质来源都是用于畜牧生产的有前途的替代饲料成分。亮点 动物生产部门的可持续发展需要饲料配方的替代蛋白质来源。昆虫、渔业和水产养殖副产品是最佳的替代蛋白质来源。SWOT 分析确定了两个蛋白质来源生产部门发展的关键因素。