Abstract Three experiments examined how role aspirants’ (i.e., people exposed to role models) views of scientists’ exceptional talent affected motivation. Study 1 demonstrated that when exposed to a scientist whose success is associated with effort (i.e., Thomas Edison), rather than inborn talent (i.e., Albert Einstein), role aspirants’ motivation increased. Study 2 found that role aspirants benefitted less from exposure to Einstein than to a non-famous scientist. Study 3 replicated and supplemented Studies 1 and 2 by further examining the directionality of motivation. Exposure to Einstein and Edison had opposing effects on motivation relative to a non-famous scientist, due to the different views role aspirants hold of their success. These results suggest that role aspirants are critical in determining role modeling outcomes.

中文翻译：

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并非所有科学家都是平等的：角色追求者影响 STEM 中的角色建模结果

摘要 三项实验检验了角色追求者（即接触榜样的人）对科学家非凡才能的看法如何影响动机。研究 1 表明，当与成功与努力相关的科学家（即托马斯爱迪生）而不是与生俱来的才能（即阿尔伯特爱因斯坦）接触时，角色追求者的动机增加了。研究 2 发现，与非著名科学家接触相比，与爱因斯坦接触的角色有抱负者的获益要少。研究 3 通过进一步检查动机的方向性来复制和补充研究 1 和 2。与非著名科学家相比，接触爱因斯坦和爱迪生对动机有相反的影响，因为有抱负的人对他们的成功持有不同的观点。这些结果表明，角色追求者对于确定角色建模结果至关重要。