ABSTRACT In recent years, different patterns of piebald/skewbald coat colour have become popular in horses. The tobiano pattern may appear in one of three forms: minimal, classic or maximal. The minimal variant can occur only as white spots on legs (crypto-tobiano), which may result in misclassification of the horse as solid-coloured with white markings. In Hucul horses it is particularly important to accurately determine the real coat colour because the breed standard specifies that white markings disqualify the animal from breeding. In Hucul horses, the tobiano pattern often shows as crypto-tobiano and is wrongly classified as white markings in official documentation of horses. The most reliable way for correct classification of coat colour is to analyse DNA for the presence of inversion in chromosome 3 (ECA3), which conclusively confirms or rules out the presence of the tobiano gene in the problematic horses.

中文翻译：

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波兰 Hucul 马群中 tobiano 图案和白色斑纹发生的遗传、历史和繁殖方面——综述

摘要 近年来，不同图案的花斑/斜斑毛色在马匹中流行起来。tobiano 模式可能以三种形式之一出现：最小、经典或最大。最小的变种只会出现在腿上的白点 (crypto-tobiano)，这可能会导致将马误分类为带有白色斑纹的纯色马。在 Hucul 马中，准确确定真正的毛色尤为重要，因为品种标准规定白色斑纹使动物失去繁殖资格。在 Hucul 马匹中，tobiano 图案经常显示为crypto-tobiano，并且在马的官方文件中被错误地归类为白色斑纹。正确分类毛色的最可靠方法是分析 DNA 中染色体 3 (ECA3) 中是否存在倒位，