ABSTRACT Litter size, or prolificacy, in goats is defined as the number of kids born per doe kidding. Improving litter size through selection not only directly enhances producer profitability as more progeny can be marketed but can also increase genetic gains in other traits due to greater selection intensity. However, most traits associated with reproduction have low heritability, and genetic improvement will be slow if the selection is based on one or a few phenotypic records. In the absence of a genetic evaluation programme with extensive pedigrees and performance recording, phenotypic selection for litter size is not promising. Advances in molecular genetic techniques may serve as an alternative to increase genetic progress in prolificacy. Several techniques have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in phenotypic expression at the DNA level. Although recent research has identified genomic regions associated with several production traits in goats, litter size has not been extensively researched. Nevertheless, recent advancements in molecular genetic have created new opportunities for the improvement of litter size in goats. The development of next generation molecular tools to identify genomic genetic variants has made it possible to apply whole-genome scanning techniques, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection to improve goat prolificacy.

中文翻译：

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应用于选择山羊产仔数的分子遗传技术进展（Capra hircus）：综述

摘要 山羊的产仔数或多产被定义为每次母鹿开玩笑时出生的孩子数量。通过选择改善窝产仔数不仅可以直接提高生产者的盈利能力，因为可以销售更多的后代，而且由于更大的选择强度，还可以增加其他性状的遗传收益。然而，大多数与繁殖相关的性状遗传力低，如果选择基于一个或几个表型记录，遗传改良将很慢。在缺乏具有广泛谱系和性能记录的遗传评估程序的情况下，窝产仔数的表型选择并不乐观。分子遗传技术的进步可以作为增加多产遗传进展的替代方法。已经开发了几种技术来阐明 DNA 水平上表型表达所涉及的机制。尽管最近的研究已经确定了与山羊的几种生产性状相关的基因组区域，但尚未对产仔数进行广泛研究。然而，分子遗传学的最新进展为改善山羊的产仔数创造了新的机会。用于识别基因组遗传变异的下一代分子工具的开发使得应用全基因组扫描技术、全基因组关联研究和基因组选择来提高山羊繁殖成为可能。分子遗传学的最新进展为改善山羊的产仔数创造了新的机会。用于识别基因组遗传变异的下一代分子工具的开发使得应用全基因组扫描技术、全基因组关联研究和基因组选择来提高山羊繁殖成为可能。分子遗传学的最新进展为改善山羊的产仔数创造了新的机会。用于识别基因组遗传变异的下一代分子工具的开发使得应用全基因组扫描技术、全基因组关联研究和基因组选择来提高山羊繁殖成为可能。