ABSTRACT Long distance transportation of forest biomass is often unavoidable because the biomass is dispersed over large land areas. This is a problem that limits the development of biorefineries all over the world. The use of biomass terminals where forest biomass is transported to, stored, processed (mostly by mobile machinery), and reloaded can facilitate more environmentally friendly and efficient transportation to a biorefinery. The challenge is to identify the locations that should be selected for terminal establishment in order to minimize the cost of biomass procurement. In this study, locations for terminal establishment are proposed based on an optimization method (Combopt) that simultaneously minimizes the harvesting, transportation, and terminal costs for round wood and logging residues. The outcome of this method was compared with several other methods imitating situations with limited knowledge to estimate potential opportunity costs of potential knowledge deficiency when selecting terminal locations. The results of the Combopt method suggest that six terminals are required in order to minimize the overall cost of satisfying the estimated demand from the biorefineries. The opportunity cost of alternative terminal selection methods ranged from 3.1 to 35.4 million SEK (0.5–6.1% of total procurement cost). Methods that considered biomass relatively close to terminals had lower opportunity costs, together with methods minimizing transportation and terminal cost for the most common wood assortment. The methods and results could be applicable in other parts of the world were similar problems exists in forestry and other industries.

中文翻译：

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确定瑞典北部森林生物量终端位置的几种方法的机会成本

摘要 森林生物量的长距离运输通常是不可避免的，因为生物量分布在大片土地上。这是限制全世界生物炼制发展的问题。使用生物质终端将森林生物质运输到、储存、加工（主要通过移动机械）和重新装载，可以促进向生物精炼厂更环保、更高效的运输。面临的挑战是确定应为终端建设选择的地点，以最大限度地降低生物质采购成本。在这项研究中，基于优化方法 (Combot) 提出了终端建立位置，该方法同时最大限度地减少了圆木和伐木残留物的采伐、运输和终端成本。将该方法的结果与其他几种模拟有限知识情况的方法进行比较，以在选择终端位置时估计潜在知识缺陷的潜在机会成本。Combopt 方法的结果表明，为了最大限度地降低满足生物精炼厂估计需求的总成本，需要六个终端。替代终端选择方法的机会成本从 3.1 到 3540 万瑞典克朗（总采购成本的 0.5-6.1%）不等。考虑到相对靠近终端的生物质的方法具有较低的机会成本，以及最大限度地减少最常见木材分类的运输和终端成本的方法。如果林业和其他行业存在类似的问题，这些方法和结果可能适用于世界其他地区。