Abstract Genes in the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family encode zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Although CAs play key roles in diverse biological processes involving carboxylation and decarboxylation, including photosynthesis and respiration, plant growth and response to stress, the characteristics of CA gene family members in tomato remain unclear. In this study, we performed an exhaustive search of the tomato genome and accordingly identified 14 CA genes that are unevenly distributed on the 12 tomato chromosomes. We examined in detail the structures, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships and duplications of these genes, and for functional characterization, also undertook RNA-seq analyses to assess the transcript levels of CA genes in various tissues and organs and at different developmental stages. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of the CA genes in response to salt stress. We found that some family members exhibited tissue-specific expression, whereas others were more ubiquitously expressed. Our results will provide a valuable foundation for further studies on the CA genes in tomato and other plants in the Solanaceae family.

中文翻译：

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番茄CA基因家族的全基因组鉴定、系统发育和表达分析

摘要 碳酸酐酶 (CA) 家族中的基因编码锌金属酶，可催化二氧化碳和水可逆地相互转化为碳酸氢盐和质子。尽管 CA 在涉及羧化和脱羧的各种生物过程中发挥关键作用，包括光合作用和呼吸、植物生长和对胁迫的反应，但番茄中 CA 基因家族成员的特征仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们对番茄基因组进行了详尽的搜索，并据此确定了 14 个不均匀分布在 12 条番茄染色体上的 CA 基因。我们详细检查了这些基因的结构、保守基序、系统发育关系和重复，以及功能表征，还进行了 RNA-seq 分析，以评估 CA 基因在各种组织和器官以及不同发育阶段的转录水平。此外，我们研究了响应于盐胁迫的 CA 基因的表达模式。我们发现一些家庭成员表现出组织特异性表达，而其他人则更普遍地表达。我们的研究结果将为进一步研究番茄和茄科其他植物中的 CA 基因提供宝贵的基础。