Abstract

The studies of the composition and structure of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko—a short-period comet of Jupiter’s family—which was an object of the recent Rosetta–Philae space mission, yielded results unique in many respects, since it was the first time that a comet was investigated in situ for a long stretch of time under varying conditions of insolation and activity. Due to the landing of the Philae probe, the data on the composition of mineral and organic fractions sampled directly from the cometary nucleus were obtained. Measurements of the coma composition performed with the instruments onboard the Rosetta spacecraft in the early period of observations allowed the data on the composition of its extremally volatile components (N₂ and Ar) to be acquired for the first time, while the analysis of the coma composition performed in the postperihelion period provided an adequate insight into the composition of the ice fraction of the cometary nucleus. In the review, along with consolidating the experimental data, we discuss their implications arising in the context of cosmogony and cosmochemistry.

中文翻译：

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67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星的化学和同位素组成：在宇宙学和宇宙化学的背景下审查了罗塞塔-菲莱任务的结果

摘要

对木星67P / Churyumov–Gerasimenko彗星（木星家族的短周期彗星）的组成和结构的研究是最近的Rosetta–Philae太空任务的对象，这是第一次，在许多方面都产生了独特的结果在不同日照和活动条件下对彗星进行了长时间的原位研究。由于Philae探针的着陆，获得了直接从彗核提取的有关矿物和有机组分组成的数据。在观测的早期阶段，用罗塞塔号航天器上的仪器对昏迷成分进行测量，就可以得到其极易挥发成分（N ₂和Ar）首次获得，而对近日点周期后进行的昏迷成分分析提供了足够的洞察力，了解彗核的冰成分。在审查中，连同巩固实验数据，我们讨论了它们在宇宙和宇宙化学的背景下产生的影响。