We propose and study a scheme of a microwave pulse generator operating in the frequency ranges near 37 and 73 GHz, in which the electron interaction with both the (−1)st harmonic of the counterpropagating TM02 mode and the synchronous slowed-down TM01 mode is combined in a sectionalized slow-wave system with an average diameter of 2.5λ. An efficient current modulation at the input of the slow-wave system is ensured in the region of the cathode–anode gap and the matching section, which reduces the diffraction loss of the energy flow directed towards the cathode. Numerical modeling shows that the efficiency of converting the electron-beam power to microwave radiation is up to 50%. Experiments demonstrate a stable regime of generation of subgigawatt pulses at an efficiency of more than 40% in the upper part of the millimeterwavelength range, which have a reproducible spatial wave structure corresponding predominantly to the TM01 mode at the input of the emitting horn.

中文翻译：

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毫米波范围内纳秒脉冲的高效相对论发生器

我们提出并研究了一种工作在 37 GHz 和 73 GHz 附近频率范围的微波脉冲发生器方案，其中电子与反向传播 TM02 模式和同步减速 TM01 模式的 (-1) 阶谐波的相互作用为组合在平均直径为 2.5λ 的分段慢波系统中。在阴极 - 阳极间隙和匹配部分的区域中确保了慢波系统输入端的有效电流调制，这减少了流向阴极的能量流的衍射损耗。数值模拟表明，将电子束功率转换为微波辐射的效率高达 50%。实验证明了在毫米波长范围的上部以超过 40% 的效率产生亚千兆瓦脉冲的稳定机制，