Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most catastrophic citrus diseases. HLB pathogens Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), Ca . L. africanus (Laf), and Ca . L. americanus (Lam) and their insect vectors Asian citrus psyllids (ACP, Diaphorina citri ) and African citrus psyllids (AfCP, Trioza erytreae ) are invading citrus producing regions where HLB was absent previously, including the Mediterranean basin. Importantly, the Mediterranean region is one of the two major citrus producing areas without HLB. Here, I provide a short perspective regarding a) information related to the distribution of the HLB pathogens and psyllid vectors in this region and neighboring countries, b) predicted distribution of the HLB for this region, c) the possible evolution of Liberibacters and how they could have established their relationship with different hosts, and d) approaches to fend off HLB. Specifically, I emphasized the following measurements: quarantine measures against AfCP, ACP, Las, Laf, and Lam, early detection and diagnosis of HLB and removal of inoculum, surveillance of AfCP and ACP and eradication of citrus psyllids once identified.

中文翻译：

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地中海盆地背景下柑橘黄龙病的研究

黄龙病（HLB）是柑橘类病害中最严重的病害之一。HLB 病原体 Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), Ca。L. Africanus (Laf) 和 Ca。L. americanus (Lam) 和它们的昆虫媒介亚洲柑橘木虱（ACP、Diaphorina citri）和非洲柑橘木虱（AfCP、Trioza erytreae）正在入侵以前没有HLB的柑橘产区，包括地中海盆地。重要的是，地中海地区是没有 HLB 的两个主要柑橘产区之一。在这里，我提供了关于 a) 与该地区和邻国 HLB 病原体和木虱载体分布相关的信息，b) 该地区 HLB 的预测分布，c) Liberibacters 的可能演变及其如何可以与不同的主人建立关系，d) 抵挡 HLB 的方法。具体来说，我强调了以下措施：针对 AfCP、ACP、Las、Laf 和 Lam 的隔离措施，HLB 的早期检测和诊断以及接种物的去除，AfCP 和 ACP 的监测以及一旦发现柑橘木虱就根除。