Temminck’s ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) is one of four species of pangolin, endemic to Africa. Two of the African pangolin species are listed as vulnerable and two are listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species due to their ongoing exploitation for traditional medicine and bushmeat. In this study, we developed 30 species-specific short-tandem repeats (STRs) in Temminck’s ground pangolin using next-generation sequencing. The markers were also optimized for cross-amplification in other African species. All the markers amplified successfully in Temminck’s ground pangolin with allelic polymorphisms observed in 87% of the markers in giant pangolin (S. gigantea) whereas 60% of the markers were amplified polymorphic loci in both white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) and black-bellied pangolin (P. tetradactyla). Analysis of diversity estimates showed moderate levels of variability in Temminck’s ground pangolin (Na = 5; Ho = 0.559), giant pangolin (Na = 4.909; Ho = 0.514) and white-bellied pangolin (Na = 2.686; Ho = 0.541) with lower values being observed in black-bellied pangolin (Na = 3; Ho = 0.242). This study provides data of the first available STR markers which was amplified in all four African pangolin species that can now be used in conservation genetic and evolutionary aspects of population histories.

中文翻译：

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Temminck 地穿山甲 (Smutsia temminckii) 中 30 种 STR 的分离和表征以及在其他非洲物种中的交叉扩增潜力

Temminck 的地穿山甲 (Smutsia temminckii) 是非洲特有的四种穿山甲之一。国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中将两种非洲穿山甲列为易危物种，另两种因对传统医学和丛林肉的持续开发而被列为濒危物种。在这项研究中，我们使用下一代测序在 Temminck 的地穿山甲中开发了 30 个物种特异性短串联重复序列 (STR)。这些标记还针对其他非洲物种的交叉扩增进行了优化。所有标记都在 Temminck 的地穿山甲中成功扩增，在大穿山甲 (S. pangolin) 中 87% 的标记中观察到等位基因多态性。gigantea) 而 60% 的标记是在白腹穿山甲 (Phataginus tricuspis) 和黑腹穿山甲 (P. tetradactyla) 中扩增的多态性位点。多样性估计分析表明，特明克的地穿山甲（Na = 5；Ho = 0.559）、大穿山甲（Na = 4.909；Ho = 0.514）和白腹穿山甲（Na = 2.686；Ho = 0.541）具有中等水平的变异性，具有较低的在黑腹穿山甲中观察到的值（Na = 3；Ho = 0.242）。这项研究提供了第一个可用 STR 标记的数据，这些标记在所有四种非洲穿山甲物种中进行了扩增，现在可用于种群历史的保护遗传和进化方面。Ho = 0.514）和白腹穿山甲（Na = 2.686；Ho = 0.541），在黑腹穿山甲（Na = 3；Ho = 0.242）中观察到较低的值。这项研究提供了第一个可用 STR 标记的数据，这些标记在所有四种非洲穿山甲物种中进行了扩增，现在可用于种群历史的保护遗传和进化方面。Ho = 0.514）和白腹穿山甲（Na = 2.686；Ho = 0.541），在黑腹穿山甲（Na = 3；Ho = 0.242）中观察到较低的值。这项研究提供了第一个可用 STR 标记的数据，这些标记在所有四种非洲穿山甲物种中进行了扩增，现在可用于种群历史的保护遗传和进化方面。