Abstract A spatial distribution model for air density perturbations during the propagation of internal gravity waves (IGWs) is used to derive estimates for gravity perturbations generated by these waves. The estimates show that superconducting gravimeters are capable of detecting IGWs generated by any wave source in the lower atmosphere. Series of barometric and gravimetric measurements at Moxa, Germany (50.6° N, 11.6° E), for 2000–2018 are processed using digital filtering to search for pressure and gravity perturbations with time scales of ~10 min to ~10 h. The annual change in the atmospheric pressure variation with variation scales on the order of and less than 1 h shows a summer maximum, which disappears at higher scales. The summer maximum can be attributed to the effect of IGWs with periods on the order of and less than 1 h from convective clouds that occur in the summer half of the year. The annual change in the gravity variation shows maximums in winter and summer for all the variation scales under consideration. They can be explained by modulating the solar semidiurnal gravitational tide by a semiannual change in the perturbation of the Earth’s gravitational potential.

中文翻译：

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通过同时配置的气压计和重力计测量搜索大气波特征

摘要 内部重力波 (IGW) 传播过程中空气密度扰动的空间分布模型用于推导出由这些波产生的重力扰动的估计值。估计表明，超导重力仪能够探测低层大气中任何波源产生的 IGW。2000-2018 年在德国 Moxa（北纬 50.6°，东经 11.6°）的一系列气压和重力测量使用数字滤波进行处理，以搜索时间尺度为 ~10 分钟到 ~10 小时的压力和重力扰动。大气压力变化在 1 h 量级以内的年变化显示出夏季最大值，在更高的尺度上消失。夏季最大值可归因于 IGW 的影响，这些 IGW 的周期为一年中夏季发生的对流云的数量级和不到 1 小时。重力变化的年度变化显示了所有考虑的变化尺度在冬季和夏季的最大值。它们可以通过地球引力势扰动的半年变化来调节太阳半日引力潮来解释。