The change of angle θ between laser cladding powder plane and substrate plane will lead to changes in cladding layer's geometric morphology. Therefore, we established a quantitative numerical prediction model for cladding layer geometry. In this model, we consider the variation of θ, the laser energy attenuation rate and the temperature rise of the powder particles. At the same time, the simulation results were verified by experiments. The results show that when θ is in the range of 50°~90°, the initial temperature is 298 K, the scanning speed is 3.75 mm/s, and the laser spot diameter is 4.5 mm, the Fe#1 powder cladding can achieve better forming effect on Q235. In general, with the decrease of θ, the height of the cladding layer decreases and the width of the layer increases. However, when θ is less than 50°, the quality of the formed morphology significantly deteriorated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the validity and reliability of the model. This work provides a theoretical reference for further understanding the relationship between the laser cladding morphology and the incident angle.

激光熔覆粉末平面与基板平面之间的夹角θ的变化将导致熔覆层的几何形态发生变化。因此，我们建立了包覆层几何形状的定量数值预测模型。在该模型中，我们考虑了θ的变化，激光能量衰减率和粉末颗粒的温度升高。同时，通过实验验证了仿真结果。结果表明，当θ在50°〜90°范围内，初始温度为298 K，扫描速度为3.75 mm / s，激光光斑直径为4.5 mm时，Fe＃1粉末熔覆可以达到Q235的成型效果更好。通常，随着θ的减小，覆层的高度减小，并且层的宽度增大。但是，当θ小于50°时，形成的形态的质量显着下降。实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好，验证了模型的有效性和可靠性。这项工作为进一步理解激光熔覆形态与入射角之间的关系提供了理论参考。