Traditional VHF radio-tracking is gradually being replaced by GPS tracking devices in spatial ecology studies, although both technologies continue to be used. Differences between tracking regimes (time and fix frequency) may lead to home range estimates that are not directly comparable. Our primary aim was to test the reliability of comparisons in home range estimates using different estimators (minimum convex polygon [MCP], fixed kernels [KDE] and dynamic Brownian Bridge Models [dBBMM]) and tracking regimes (see above) and to provide an empirical basis for linking VHS and GPS tracking data analysis, using the wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a study model. Data were obtained from 15 GPS-collared individuals from three areas in Mediterranean Spain. Using tracking data, we simulated different tracking regimes (approaches), from three relocations per week during the daytime to one location per hour in the case of more intensive continuous monitoring. Results suggested that MCP produces the greatest differences between approaches, while 95% kernel home range (Khr95) the lowest, both in size and utilization distribution overlap. From the 50% kernel core range (Kcr50), similar estimates were also obtained for the less intensive approaches (typical of VHF tracking regimes). Using the most intensive sampling scheme, dBBMM estimates did not differ significantly from those obtained with Khr95 for all approaches. The standardization of home range estimates is very important for wildlife management and conservation. The proposed methodology allows direct comparison among studies using different approaches for estimating home ranges.

中文翻译：

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通过比较跟踪方式获得的距离估计值的比较：以野猪为例

在空间生态学研究中，传统的VHF无线电跟踪正逐渐被GPS跟踪设备取代，尽管两种技术仍在继续使用。跟踪机制（时间和固定频率）之间的差异可能导致无法直接比较的范围估计。我们的主要目的是使用不同的估算器（最小凸多边形[MCP]，固定核[KDE]和动态布朗桥模型[dBBMM]）和跟踪机制（参见上文）来测试本地范围估算中比较结果的可靠性，并提供一种使用野猪（Sus scrofa）进行VHS和GPS跟踪数据分析相联系的经验基础）作为研究模型。数据来自西班牙地中海三个地区的15位GPS领的个人。使用跟踪数据，我们模拟了不同的跟踪方式（方法），从白天的每周三个重定位到每小时更密集的连续监控（每小时一次）。结果表明，MCP在方法之间产生最大的差异，而95％的内核起始范围（Khr95）最小，大小和利用率分布重叠。从50％的内核核心范围（Kcr50）中，对于强度较低的方法（典型的VHF跟踪方案）也获得了类似的估计。使用最密集的采样方案，对于所有方法，dBBMM估计与使用Khr95获得的估计没有显着差异。家庭范围估计的标准化对于野生动植物的管理和保护非常重要。所提出的方法可以使用不同的方法对研究范围进行直接比较，以估计家庭范围。