The avoidance of failures during the fabrication or operation of petrochemical reactors made of creep-resistant, low-alloy steels as 13CrMoV9-10 requires still research despite over 60 years of international investigations in the field of stress relief cracking. The quality of modern base materials and filler metals leads to the fact that previously known crack causes, such as impurities of S or P, recede into the background. Rather, the causes are increasingly to be found in the fabrication process. Investigations on the influence of heat control on the stresses in welded components and thus on the stress relief cracking sensitivity under realistic manufacturing conditions are not yet available. This work is subdivided in two parts. Part 1 of this study focused on the effect of heat control during submerged arc welding on the stresses. For this purpose, a testing facility was applied, which allows to observe the forces and moments accumulating during welding or heat treatment in a component-like specimen under shrinkage restraint. The stress acting in the specimen increases with higher preheat/interpass temperatures and higher heat input. During the heat treatment, the stresses are relieved. Nevertheless, cracks are formed already during heating. The total crack length correlates with the heat input.

中文翻译：

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焊接应力对13CrMoV抗蠕变钢热处理过程中的释放裂纹的影响：第一部分-热处理对焊接应力和释放应力的影响

尽管在应力消除裂纹领域进行了60多年的国际研究，但要避免在制造或运行由抗蠕变，低合金钢如13CrMoV9-10制成的石油化学反应器过程中发生故障，仍需进行研究。现代基础材料和填充金属的质量导致了这样一个事实，即先前已知的裂纹原因（例如S或P的杂质）逐渐消失。而是，越来越多的原因在制造过程中被发现。在实际制造条件下，尚未进行热控制对焊接部件应力的影响，从而对应力消除裂纹敏感性的研究。这项工作分为两部分。本研究的第1部分重点研究埋弧焊接过程中的热控制对应力的影响。为此目的，使用了一种测试设备，该设备可以在收缩约束下观察焊接或热处理过程中在类似组件的试样中积累的力和力矩。随着较高的预热/层间温度和较高的热输入，作用在样品中的应力会增加。在热处理过程中，应力得以缓解。然而，在加热过程中已经形成了裂纹。总裂纹长度与热量输入相关。在加热过程中已经形成了裂纹。总裂纹长度与热量输入相关。在加热过程中已经形成了裂纹。总裂纹长度与热量输入相关。