Abstract

Natural diamonds and their mineral inclusions represent the deepest regions of our planet. Diamonds form between about 120/130 km in the upper mantle and possibly up to 1000 km depth in the lower mantle, and they can transport mineral inclusions, which are fragments directly from regions that are inaccessible to geologists. Diamond–inclusion system is a very precious geological object not only due to the depth of provenance in the mantle but also because of the diamond age, which ranges between 3.6 and 0.09 Ga providing information over a very wide evolution time of the Earth. It is evident that the determination of the depth of formation of the diamond–inclusion system is one of the crucial aspects to retrieve fundamental geological information about the deep mantle. However, the determination of such depth is not trivial at all and different approaches could be adopted; one of the most promising is represented by the so-called “elastic geobarometry”. In this review, I will focus on elastic geobarometry and on the role that anisotropy has on the determination of the depth of diamond formation. The work will also provide a short overview of the most common approaches used to retrieve the depth of diamond formation.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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弹性各向异性在确定钻石及其包裹体形成深度方面的作用

摘要

天然钻石及其矿物包裹体代表了我们星球上最深的区域。钻石在上地幔中形成约120/130 km，在下地幔中可能高达1000 km，它们可以运输矿物包裹体，这些矿物包裹体直接来自地质学家无法到达的区域的碎片。钻石夹杂物系统是一个非常珍贵的地质对象，这不仅是由于地幔中的物源深度，而且还因为钻石的年龄介于3.6至0.09 Ga之间，可在整个地球上很长的演化时间内提供信息。显然，确定金刚石包裹体系统的形成深度是检索有关深地幔基本地质信息的关键方面之一。然而，确定这种深度绝非易事，可以采用不同的方法；最有前途的方法之一就是所谓的“弹性地压法”。在本文中，我将重点介绍弹性几何大气压力学以及各向异性在确定金刚石形成深度方面的作用。该工作还将简要概述用于检索钻石形成深度的最常用方法。

图形摘要