Kenaf is a valuable fiber and medicinal crop. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing to obtain comprehensive transcriptome information and identify putative genes involved in biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and kaempferitrin in kenaf. A total of 39.6 Gb reads were generated for six kenaf accessions. Individual de novo assembly of each accession and clustering of whole transcriptome contigs finally yielded 299,880 representative transcripts having an average length of 1217 bp, of which 231,825 (77.3%) were annotated against various databases. Expression profiling of the transcripts identified 6,592 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three accessions, C-14 (a local landrace) and two of its mutant varieties, Jeokbong (purple leaves and stems) and Baekma (light green leaves and stems). In addition to their altered coloration, leaves of these two mutants had significantly different anthocyanin and kaempferitrin contents. We constructed anthocyanin and kaempferitrin biosynthetic pathways and identified 671 transcripts mapping to the entire pathway. In addition, 29 DEGs assigned to eight structural genes and 41 DEGs related to three transcription factor families were identified in high anthocyanin- and kaempferitrin-accumulating mutant Jeokbong. Our results provide a large transcriptome library pool for understanding gene functions and should also be useful in further studies of flavonoid biosynthesis in kenaf.

中文翻译：

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红麻花中花色苷和山楂铁蛋白生物合成相关基因的转录组分析与鉴定

红麻是一种有价值的纤维和药用作物。在这里，我们进行了RNA测序以获得全面的转录组信息，并鉴定了洋麻中花色苷和山楂叶绿素的生物合成途径所涉及的推定基因。六个洋麻样品共产生了39.6 Gb读段。各个登录的重新组装和整个转录组重叠群的聚类最终产生了299880个代表性转录本，平均长度为1217 bp，其中有231825个（77.3％）在各种数据库中进行了注释。转录本的表达谱鉴定出三个种质，C-14（当地地方品种）及其两个突变体Jeokbong（紫叶和茎）和Baekma（浅绿叶和茎）中鉴定了6,592个差异表达基因（DEG）。除了改变颜色外，这两个突变体的叶子的花色苷和山雀铁蛋白含量明显不同。我们构建了花色苷和山楂铁蛋白的生物合成途径，并确定了671个转录本，并映射到整个途径。此外，在高花青素和山竹铁蛋白蓄积突变体Jeobong中鉴定出29个DEG和8个结构基因相关的41个DEG。我们的结果为理解基因功能提供了一个庞大的转录组文库库，在进一步研究洋麻中黄酮类生物合成方面也应有所帮助。在高花青素和kaempferitrin积累突变体Jeobong中鉴定出分配给八个结构基因的29个DEG和与三个转录因子家族相关的41个DEG。我们的结果为理解基因功能提供了一个庞大的转录组文库库，在进一步研究洋麻中黄酮类生物合成方面也应有所帮助。在高花青素和kaempferitrin积累突变体Jeobong中鉴定出分配给八个结构基因的29个DEG和与三个转录因子家族相关的41个DEG。我们的结果为理解基因功能提供了一个庞大的转录组文库库，在进一步研究洋麻中黄酮类生物合成方面也应有所帮助。