Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile, Asteraceae) (GRIN, The Plant List 2013) has a long history of usage in traditional herbal medicine and is still today amongst the most important medicinal plants. Despite this importance, genetic diversity of cultivated and wild germplasm of M. chamomilla was rarely investigated so far. The objective of this study was to estimate the mitochondrial (mt) diversity of various cultivated M. chamomilla genotypes by determining point mutations in the mt genome. 89 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified in the next generation sequencing data of 33 genotypes from 11 di- and tetraploid chamomile accessions representing a sequence diversity of 0.32 SNPs/kb. Based on the SNP analysis 19 mitochondrial haplotypes (mitotypes) could be specified with genetic distances ranging between 0.011 and 0.851. The examined mt variability within the accessions was higher than expected; only one monomorphic accession (variety ‘Camoflora’) was identified. Diploid accessions exhibited with 1.9 mitotypes per accession a higher variability than tetraploid accessions with a ratio of 1.3. Although some of the mitotypes were distributed over different accessions, identical mitotypes within di- and tetraploid accessions could not be determined. Furthermore, the mitotypes did not correspond to the geographical origin of the accessions. Although not the whole mt genome could be assembled in this study, the substitutions identified represent a valuable tool for further investigations of maternal phylogenetic relationships within M. chamomilla.

Matricaria chamomilla L.（洋甘菊，菊科）（GRIN，《植物名录》 2013年）在传统草药中有悠久的使用历史，如今仍是最重要的药用植物之一。尽管具有这种重要性，迄今为止，很少研究洋甘蓝的栽培种和野生种的遗传多样性。这项研究的目的是估计各种栽培的沙门氏菌的线粒体（mt）多样性。通过确定mt基因组中的点突变来确定基因型。在来自11个二倍体和四倍体甘菊种质的33个基因型的下一代测序数据中鉴定出89个SNP（单核苷酸多态性），代表0.32 SNPs / kb的序列多样性。根据SNP分析，可以指定19种线粒体单倍型（基因型），遗传距离在0.011和0.851之间。检定的种质内mt变异性高于预期。仅鉴定出一个单态种（品种'Camoflora'）。与以1.3的比率的四倍体种相比，二倍体种表现出每种种具有1.9个基因型的变异性。尽管某些基因型分布在不同的种质上，但无法确定二倍体和四倍体种质内的相同基因型。此外，基因型与种质的地理起源不符。尽管无法在本研究中组装整个mt基因组，但鉴定出的取代代表了进一步研究内部母系发育关系的有价值的工具沙棘。