Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The fort was constructed on a filled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since. Recently, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3, the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed. The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope. This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material, study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy. The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum. Also, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential. The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event. A remedial strategy involving soil nails, micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

中文翻译：

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粉质黏土土体边坡破坏的岩土法证研究-案例研究

Qila Bala Hisar是开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦（Khyber Pakhtunkhwa）白沙瓦（Peshawar）值得注意的地方之一。这座堡垒建于18世纪，当时是在一块人满为患的地上建造的，从那以后，这座城堡经过了几次翻新。最近，由于7.3级地震，堡垒西南墙的上部坍塌了。墙的倒塌是由于保留斜坡的破坏。这项研究旨在表征边坡材料，研究破坏的成因并评估补救策略。该调查涉及常规现场和实验室测试以及使用电阻率技术评估地层性质的地球物理调查。也，使用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜在分子水平上研究斜坡材料，以评估溶胀潜力的存在。分析表明，由于径流和污水渠维护不善而导致的过多渗水是地震事件触发的原因。建议采取包括土钉，微桩和改善地面排水的补救策略。