Receiver ghosts attenuate marine seismic reflection data at harmonic frequencies that depend on the propagation angle and the streamer depth below the sea surface. The resulting loss of bandwidth is one of the major factors hampering seismic resolution. In near-surface and legacy multi-channel data, receivers depth is often unknown and may vary significantly both along the streamer length and during the survey, making frequency–slowness deghosting techniques unsuitable. In this work, we present a method for the attenuation of receiver ghost reflections in data with an arbitrary streamer depth profile varying during the survey. For each trace, a different deghosting operator is estimated and applied at different two-way-time windows, in order to account for depth-dependent changes in reflection angles. The ghost null frequencies are picked on the time-varying power spectrum via an automatic algorithm, guided by a user-dependent a priori function, and optimised to respect the harmonics’ periodicity. The power of the inverse filter is adjusted by adaptively damping abnormal amplitudes in the deghosted spectra. The algorithm is applied to high-resolution (GI-gun, 20–400 Hz) and ultra-high-resolution (Sparker, 0.2–3.0 kHz) multi-channel datasets, yielding an excellent bandwidth recovery and gain in resolution in the final stacks. Limited computing time and straightforward application make the method widely applicable and cost-effective.

中文翻译：

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可变深度拖缆高分辨率地震反射数据中接收器重影的衰减

接收器鬼影以谐波频率衰减海洋地震反射数据，谐波频率取决于传播角度和海面以下的拖缆深度。导致的带宽损失是阻碍地震分辨率的主要因素之一。在近地表和传统的多通道数据中，接收器的深度通常是未知的，并且在拖缆长度和勘测过程中可能会发生显着变化，这使得频率慢度反虚反射技术不合适。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种方法，用于在测量期间在任意拖缆深度剖面变化的情况下衰减数据中接收器幻影反射。对于每条迹线，估计不同的反虚幻算子并将其应用于不同的双向窗口中，以便解决反射角与深度相关的变化。通过自动算法在时变功率谱上选择幻影零频率，并在依赖于用户的先验函数的指导下进行选择，并对其进行优化以尊重谐波的周期性。逆滤波器的功率可通过自适应抑制反虚反射谱中的异常幅度来进行调整。该算法适用于高分辨率（GI-gun，20–400 Hz）和超高分辨率（Sparker，0.2–3.0 kHz）多通道数据集，可在最终堆栈中实现出色的带宽恢复和分辨率提升。有限的计算时间和直接的应用程序使该方法广泛适用且具有成本效益。逆滤波器的功率可通过自适应抑制反虚反射谱中的异常幅度来进行调整。该算法适用于高分辨率（GI-gun，20–400 Hz）和超高分辨率（Sparker，0.2–3.0 kHz）多通道数据集，可在最终堆栈中实现出色的带宽恢复和分辨率提升。有限的计算时间和直接的应用程序使该方法广泛适用且具有成本效益。逆滤波器的功率可以通过自适应抑制反虚反射谱中的异常幅度来调整。该算法适用于高分辨率（GI-gun，20–400 Hz）和超高分辨率（Sparker，0.2–3.0 kHz）多通道数据集，可在最终堆栈中实现出色的带宽恢复和分辨率提升。有限的计算时间和直接的应用程序使该方法广泛适用且具有成本效益。