Satoyama is one of the semi-natural ecosystems in Japan. Traditional agricultural practices in satoyama provide preferable habitats for many species, thus, enhancing biodiversity. However, many satoyama ecosystems have been altered by agricultural intensification and rapid urbanization. Meanwhile, ageing and shrinking population has led to the abandonment of remaining satoyama ecosystems, resulting in their potential degradation. We argue that counteracting the abandonment of satoyama is particularly essential in urbanized landscapes because conserving its biodiversity would have a payoff for urban communities. We focused on nature-oriented park use of satoyama ecosystems, utilizing their original scenery, topography, water features, and vegetation. To evaluate the potential of nature-oriented park use for biodiversity conservation, we examined the differences in diversity and species composition of vascular plants and butterflies among three land-use types (agricultural-use, park-use, and abandoned sites) of satoyama ecosystems. Diversity of native plants and butterflies did not significantly differ between agricultural-use and park-use sites and that of native plants was significantly lower at abandoned sites than at agricultural-use sites. Although species composition of native plants at agricultural-use sites and park-use sites significantly differ, that of native butterflies did not. The efficacy of park use for biodiversity conservation, thus, depended on the taxa. Nonetheless, for striking a balance between the difficulty in maintaining agricultural use and accelerating satoyama abandonment, our study highlights the utility of park use as an alternative usage, contributing to biodiversity conservation. Balancing the wise use of satoyama in urbanized landscapes is a fundamental step toward the conservation of its biodiversity and human–nature interactions.

中文翻译：

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佐藤山生态系统以自然为导向的公园利用可以增强城市景观中的生物多样性保护

里山是日本的半自然生态系统之一。在传统农业实践里山为许多物种提供栖息地最好，因此，加强生物多样性。然而，农业集约化和快速城市化改变了许多佐藤山生态系统。同时，人口老龄化和萎缩导致遗留的里山生态系统被遗弃，导致其潜在退化。我们认为，在城市化景观中，应对中山遗弃的问题尤为重要，因为保护其多样性将为城市社区带来回报。我们专注于面向自然公园利用里山生态系统，利用其原始风光，地形，水景和植被。为了评估以自然为导向的公园利用对生物多样性保护的潜力，我们研究了佐藤的三种土地利用类型（农业利用，公园利用和废弃地）之间维管植物和蝴蝶的多样性和物种组成的差异。生态系统。在农业用地和公园用地之间，本地植物和蝴蝶的多样性没有显着差异，而废弃地的本地植物的多样性明显低于农业用地。尽管农业用地和公园用地的本地植物的物种组成明显不同，但本地蝴蝶的物种组成没有变化。因此，将公园用于生物多样性保护的功效取决于分类单元。尽管如此，为了在维持农业使用的难度和加速中山废弃的处理之间取得平衡，我们的研究强调了公园使用作为替代用途的效用，有助于保护生物多样性。均衡合理利用里山 在城市化景观中进行保护是朝着保护其生物多样性和人与自然的相互作用迈出的重要一步。