The usefulness of whole-body 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is established for assessment of disease staging, detection of early disease recurrence, therapeutic evaluation, and predicting prognosis in various malignancies; and for evaluating the spread of inflammation. However, the role of FDG-PET/CT for the liver is limited because CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide an accurate diagnosis of most tumors. In addition, in other potentially useful roles there are several pitfalls in the interpretation of FDG uptake in PET/CT imaging. Accurate evaluation demands knowledge of the FDG uptake of each lesion, including potential negative and positive uptakes, and requires an understanding of the underlying background of the molecular mechanisms. The degree of FDG uptake is dependent on cellular metabolic rate and the expression of glucose transporter, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, which in turn are closely affected by biological characteristics such as pathological category (e.g., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell cancer, transitional cell cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, sarcoma, lymphoma), tumor differentiation, histological behavior (e.g., solid, cystic, mucinous), and intratumoral alterations (e.g., necrosis, degeneration, hemorrhage). Correlation with the CT and MRI findings, which also precisely depict the pathological findings, is important to avoid misdiagnosis.

中文翻译：

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基于分子背景的肝脏肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的FDG-PET/CT影像表现[J].

全身 18-氟-2-脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射 (PET)/计算机断层扫描 (CT) 在评估疾病分期、检测早期疾病复发、治疗评估和预测预后方面的有效性各种恶性肿瘤；并用于评估炎症的传播。然而，FDG-PET/CT 对肝脏的作用是有限的，因为 CT 和磁共振成像 (MRI) 可以提供大多数肿瘤的准确诊断。此外，在其他潜在有用的作用中，在 PET/CT 成像中对 FDG 摄取的解释存在一些缺陷。准确评估需要了解每个病变的 FDG 摄取，包括潜在的负摄取和正摄取，并需要了解分子机制的潜在背景。FDG摄取的程度取决于细胞代谢率和葡萄糖转运蛋白、己糖激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的表达，而这些又受病理类型（如腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、移行细胞癌、神经内分泌肿瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤）、肿瘤分化、组织学行为（例如，实性、囊性、粘液性）和瘤内改变（例如，坏死、变性、出血）。与 CT 和 MRI 发现的相关性，也精确地描述了病理发现，对于避免误诊很重要。反过来又受生物学特性的密切影响，如病理类别（如腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、移行细胞癌、神经内分泌肿瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤）、肿瘤分化、组织学行为（如实性、囊性、粘液性）和瘤内改变（例如，坏死、变性、出血）。与 CT 和 MRI 发现的相关性，也精确地描述了病理发现，对于避免误诊很重要。反过来又受生物学特性的密切影响，如病理类别（如腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、移行细胞癌、神经内分泌肿瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤）、肿瘤分化、组织学行为（如实性、囊性、粘液性）和瘤内改变（例如，坏死、变性、出血）。与 CT 和 MRI 发现的相关性，也精确地描述了病理发现，对于避免误诊很重要。