Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., has caused damage and great losses in peach orchards in two Brazilian states, Santa Catarina (SC) and São Paulo (SP). There is limited information on the characterization of Colletotrichum spp. from those locations. In this study we characterized Colletotrichum spp. isolated from peach fruit from SC and SP, and compared them to a reference isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, using molecular and traditional tools. Molecular analysis revealed that all isolates (7) belong to C. acutatum species complex (Cac) and three of them are C. nymphaeae. Most of the isolates showed distinct characteristics among them for most of the variables assessed using traditional methods. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 24 to 26 °C, for conidial germination it ranged from 22.7 to 24.6 °C, and for germ tube length the temperature ranged from 21.3 to 27.3 °C. Disease severity caused by the Cac isolates was similar when compared wounded and nonwounded fruits. The PrpCnSP13–19 isolate was the most aggressive. More severe anthracnose symptoms were observed in fruits inoculated and maintained at simulated temperatures of São Paulo state when compared to fruits inoculated and maintained at simulated temperatures of the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Our results suggest that there are different strains of Cac, with different level of aggressiveness and optimum temperatures for disease development.

中文翻译：

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尖头炭疽菌复合物导致巴西桃上炭疽病

炭疽病是由炭疽病菌引起的，在巴西两个州圣卡塔琳娜州 (SC) 和圣保罗州 (SP) 的桃园中造成破坏和巨大损失。关于炭疽菌属的特征的信息有限。从这些位置。在这项研究中，我们表征了炭疽菌属。从 SC 和 SP 的桃果实中分离，并使用分子和传统工具将它们与胶孢炭疽菌的参考分离物进行比较。分子分析表明，所有分离株 (7) 都属于 C. acutatum 物种复合体 (Cac)，其中三个是 C. nymphaeae。对于使用传统方法评估的大多数变量，大多数分离株都显示出明显的特征。菌丝生长的最适温度范围为 24 至 26°C，分生孢子萌发的最佳温度范围为 22.7 至 24.6°C，对于胚芽管长度，温度范围为 21.3 至 27.3 °C。与受伤和未受伤的水果相比，由 Cac 分离株引起的疾病严重程度相似。PrpCnSP13-19 分离株是最具攻击性的。与在巴拉那州、圣卡塔琳娜州和南里奥格兰德州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果相比，在圣保罗州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果中观察到更严重的炭疽症状。我们的结果表明，存在不同的 Cac 菌株，具有不同程度的侵袭性和疾病发展的最佳温度。与在巴拉那州、圣卡塔琳娜州和南里奥格兰德州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果相比，在圣保罗州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果中观察到更严重的炭疽症状。我们的结果表明，存在不同的 Cac 菌株，具有不同程度的侵袭性和疾病发展的最佳温度。与在巴拉那州、圣卡塔琳娜州和南里奥格兰德州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果相比，在圣保罗州的模拟温度下接种和保持的水果中观察到更严重的炭疽症状。我们的结果表明，存在不同的 Cac 菌株，具有不同程度的侵袭性和疾病发展的最佳温度。