This paper presents a computational approach to air infiltration modelling and simulation validated by the blower door test results. In order to evaluate the potential of the airflow network method, three simulation models of the infiltration test were developed and calibrated by field measurements of leaked air change rate per hour at 50 Pa. Models were developed for existing building designs and constructed in low-energy standards differing in construction type and tightness. All leaks were precisely measured during field tests, defined as openings or cracks, numerically described and included in the model. The simulation results of calibrated models for other pressure differences revealed that the models’ accuracy is satisfactory. The differences between field tests and simulation results do not exceed 2.5%. Additionally, the calibrated models were used to estimate the infiltration heat losses of buildings in three different locations under continental climatic conditions. The results were compared with the steady-state method calculations made for the same building models and climatic conditions. It was proved that the steady-state method gives higher results of heat demand to cover infiltration losses than the simulation method. The final results depend on building location and vary between four and nine times.

Practical application: The computational modelling and building performance simulations are increasingly commonly used in engineering design. The proposed method of air-tightness modelling and calibration can be used at any phase of a building’s lifecycle, from design and construction to exploitation and maintenance. Using the proposed techniques, it is possible to estimate more realistic processes of air infiltration and its effect on a building’s energy consumption in comparison with the steady-state method. Moreover, the analysis includes the dynamic effect of boundary conditions (external air temperature, wind speed and direction), as well as the effects of the building site and the surroundings.

本文介绍了一种通过鼓风机门测试结果验证的空气渗透建模和模拟的计算方法。为了评估气流网络方法的潜力，开发了三种渗透测试模拟模型，并通过现场测量每小时在50 Pa下泄漏的空气变化率进行了校准。这些模型是为现有建筑设计而开发的，并以低能耗的方式建造建筑类型和密封性不同的标准。所有泄漏都是在现场测试期间精确测量的，定义为开口或裂缝，用数字描述并包含在模型中。校准模型对其他压力差的仿真结果表明，模型的精度令人满意。现场测试与模拟结果之间的差异不超过2.5％。另外，校准后的模型用于估算大陆气候条件下三个不同位置的建筑物的渗透热损失​​。将结果与在相同建筑模型和气候条件下进行的稳态方法计算进行了比较。事实证明，稳态方法比模拟方法具有更高的热需求，以弥补渗透损失。最终结果取决于建筑物的位置，并且在四到九倍之间变化。事实证明，稳态方法比模拟方法具有更高的热需求，以弥补渗透损失。最终结果取决于建筑物的位置，并且在四到九倍之间变化。事实证明，稳态方法比模拟方法具有更高的热需求，以弥补渗透损失。最终结果取决于建筑物的位置，并且在四到九倍之间变化。

实际应用：工程设计中越来越普遍使用计算模型和建筑性能模拟。所提出的气密性建模和校准方法可用于建筑物生命周期的任何阶段，从设计，建造到开发和维护。使用所提出的技术，与稳态方法相比，可以估算出更现实的空气渗透过程及其对建筑物能耗的影响。此外，分析还包括边界条件（外部气温，风速和风向）的动态影响，以及建筑场地和周围环境的影响。