Successful community-based wildlife monitoring necessitates a high degree of local participation during sampling design and data collection. Here, we describe a community-based monitoring framework to estimate density and habitat use of the threatened jaguar (Panthera onca) in tropical montane forests in the Chinantla region of Oaxaca, Mexico. Community-based monitoring was completed involving integration with local communities, local governmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and academic institutions. In a camera-trap survey (37 stations, 2,553 trap-days), we recorded eight adult jaguars across 182.7 km2 of montane forest. Spatially explicit capture–recapture models estimated a density of 1.15 jaguars per 100 km2 (CI = 0.55–2.38) using a more traditional likelihood-based method and 1.16 jaguars per 100 km2 (CI = 0.89–1.57) using Bayesian methods. The locations of jaguar captures and their habitat use appeared to be influenced by normalized vegetation index and capture rate of prey. Density estimates in the Chinantla region were lower than recorded for other lowland populations in Mexico but were consistent with elevation-based and latitudinal gradients across the range of the species. The community-based monitoring of jaguars increased the communication and interaction of local community groups, stakeholders, and academic institutions. It also provided participants with an increased knowledge of wildlife identification, transferable skills, wildlife appreciation, and an interest in reaching compromises to achieve habitat conservation. Our study provides a framework for the execution of community-based monitoring for large carnivores in Mexico and can be readily replicated and applied to other threatened species.

中文翻译：

---

墨西哥 Chinantla 地区 Jaguar (Panthera onca) 的社区监测

成功的基于社区的野生动物监测需要当地高度参与抽样设计和数据收集。在这里，我们描述了一个基于社区的监测框架，以估计墨西哥瓦哈卡奇纳特拉地区热带山地森林中受威胁美洲虎（Panthera onca）的密度和栖息地使用情况。完成了基于社区的监测，涉及与当地社区、当地政府机构、非政府组织和学术机构的整合。在一次相机陷阱调查（37 个站点，2,553 个陷阱日）中，我们在 182.7 平方公里的山地森林中记录了 8 只成年美洲虎。空间显式捕获-重新捕获模型使用更传统的基于似然的方法估计密度为每 100 平方公里 1.15 只美洲虎（CI = 0.55-2.38），每 100 平方公里估计密度为 1.16 只美洲豹（CI = 0.89-1。57) 使用贝叶斯方法。美洲虎捕获的位置及其栖息地利用似乎受到归一化植被指数和猎物捕获率的影响。Chinantla 地区的密度估计值低于墨西哥其他低地种群的记录，但与该物种范围内基于海拔和纬度的梯度一致。基于社区的美洲虎监测增加了当地社区团体、利益相关者和学术机构的交流和互动。它还为参与者提供了更多关于野生动物识别、可转移技能、野生动物欣赏的知识，以及对达成妥协以实现栖息地保护的兴趣。