This article presents an experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of semi-tenon joints reinforced by steel angle in traditional timber buildings. Five specimens with two different reinforced connections and one unreinforced connection subjected to low-cyclic reversed loading on the bending moment are examined. The unreinforced connection consists of left and right beams inserted into the column that has been used in setting up the mortise before assembly. The first type of reinforced connection is formed by bottom steel angles bolted to the column and jointed to the beam by means of bolts. The second type of reinforced connection is made up of top and bottom steel angles bolted to the column and connected to the beam relying on vertical and transverse bolts. Moreover, two reinforcement techniques aimed at enhancing the seismic performance of semi-tenon joints are investigated, including the change of steel angle limb length and the variation of steel angle limb thickness. The test setup, joint connection, reinforced conditions, and material properties are introduced through detailed account of the experimental results and observations. The key behavioral patterns are identified from the experiments and the main response characteristics such as hysteresis, stiffness, flexural capacity, energy dissipation, and the failure mechanism. This article demonstrates that the steel angle can enhance the flexural capacity of the semi-tenon joints significantly. Besides, the use of greater limb thickness steel angle is shown to be an effective detail for adequately increasing the flexural capacity and rotation stiffness of the joints. Finite element simulations of experiments are also conducted, together with a detailed description of the modeling methods, so as to gain further insight into the influence of various factors on the behavior of joints.

中文翻译：

---

传统木结构建筑角钢加固半榫节点的抗震性能

本文介绍了传统木结构建筑角钢加固半榫节点抗震性能的试验和数值研究。对具有两种不同增强连接和一种未增强连接的五个试样进行了低循环反向加载弯矩试验。无钢筋连接由插入柱中的左右梁组成，该柱在组装前用于设置榫眼。第一种钢筋连接由底部钢角钢用螺栓固定在柱上并通过螺栓连接到梁上。第二种钢筋连接是由顶部和底部角钢用螺栓固定在柱子上，并依靠垂直和横向螺栓连接到梁上。而且，研究了两种旨在提高半榫节点抗震性能的加固技术，包括钢角肢长度的变化和钢角肢厚度的变化。通过对实验结果和观察的详细说明，介绍了测试设置、接头连接、增强条件和材料特性。从实验和主要响应特性（如滞后、刚度、弯曲能力、能量耗散和失效机制）中确定了关键的行为模式。本文论证了角钢可以显着提高半榫节点的抗弯能力。除了，使用更大的肢体厚度钢角被证明是充分增加关节的抗弯能力和旋转刚度的有效细节。还进行了实验的有限元模拟，并详细描述了建模方法，以进一步了解各种因素对关节行为的影响。