At the end of 19th century, the modification of silica has brought revolution in the field of nanocomposites and gained the attention of researchers again by the development of the mesoporous silica class. Silica when used with elastomers provides distinctive characteristics merging the superior properties of inorganic fillers, such as hardness, increased thermal strength, and mechanical stability along with the processability, elasticity, and plasticity of the organic polymers. When carbon black is treated with elastomers instead of silica, it provides greater level of reinforcement because the surface of silica is polar and hydrophilic, but it has greater tendency to adsorb moisture, which affects the ionization of silanol groups. The reason behind switching to silica is adverse effects of carbon black on environment. When silica is added in greater amount, it increases the viscosity of rubbers significantly. The high viscosity causes the processing extra difficult by generating excessive wear and tear over the processing equipment. The increase in viscosity is associated with the strong interaction among the silica particles. It has also been reviewed that the use of silica as filler in elastomers was hindered as far as bifunctional organosilanes were discovered. These are referred to as surface-modifying materials and are initiators for treating silica surfaces to make the filler compatible and friendly to elastomers.

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二氧化硅材料对合成弹性体纳米复合材料的影响：综述

19世纪末，二氧化硅的改性为纳米复合材料领域带来了革命，并因介孔二氧化硅类的发展而再次受到研究人员的关注。二氧化硅与弹性体一起使用时，可提供独特的特性，将无机填料的优异性能（例如硬度、增加的热强度和机械稳定性）与有机聚合物的可加工性、弹性和可塑性结合起来。当炭黑用弹性体而不是二氧化硅处理时，它提供更高水平的补强，因为二氧化硅的表面是极性和亲水性的，但它更倾向于吸附水分，这会影响硅烷醇基团的电离。改用二氧化硅背后的原因是炭黑对环境的不利影响。当二氧化硅添加量较大时，它会显着增加橡胶的粘度。高粘度通过对加工设备产生过度磨损而导致加工更加困难。粘度的增加与二氧化硅颗粒之间的强相互作用有关。也有人评论说，就发现双功能有机硅烷而言，在弹性体中使用二氧化硅作为填料受到阻碍。这些被称为表面改性材料，是用于处理二氧化硅表面以使填料与弹性体相容和友好的引发剂。粘度的增加与二氧化硅颗粒之间的强相互作用有关。也有人评论说，就发现双功能有机硅烷而言，在弹性体中使用二氧化硅作为填料受到阻碍。这些被称为表面改性材料，是用于处理二氧化硅表面以使填料与弹性体相容和友好的引发剂。粘度的增加与二氧化硅颗粒之间的强相互作用有关。也有人评论说，就发现双功能有机硅烷而言，在弹性体中使用二氧化硅作为填料受到阻碍。这些被称为表面改性材料，是用于处理二氧化硅表面以使填料与弹性体相容和友好的引发剂。