Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has gained its popularity as a powerful technology for monitoring oceans, sea and river. The sensor node drifting along with ocean current offers 4D (space and time) monitoring for real-time underwater application. However, the main challenge arises from the underwater acoustic communication that results in high propagation delay, packet loss and overhead in the network. In order to overcome these issues, a depth adjustment and void aware pressure routing protocol is proposed for UWSN. A greedy forwarding strategy is used to forward the packet. In case a node fails to forward the packet using greedy forwarding strategy, then it immediately switches to the recovery mode. In the recovery mode, the node determines the new depth using particle swarm optimization technique. The global best value gives the new depth with minimum displacement. The void node forwards the packet with minimum displacement without any packet loss and delay.

中文翻译：

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水下无线传感器网络的深度调整和空隙感知压力路由（DA-VAPR）协议的性能评估

水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）作为一种用于监视海洋，海洋和河流的强大技术而广受欢迎。随海流漂移的传感器节点可为实时水下应用提供4D（时空）监控。然而，主要挑战来自水下声通信，其导致网络中的高传播延迟，分组丢失和开销。为了克服这些问题，针对UWSN提出了深度调整和空隙感知压力路由协议。贪婪转发策略用于转发数据包。如果节点无法使用贪婪转发策略转发数据包，则它将立即切换到恢复模式。在恢复模式下，节点使用粒子群优化技术确定新的深度。全球最佳值以最小的位移给出了新的深度。空节点以最小的位移量转发数据包，而没有任何数据包丢失和延迟。