当前位置: X-MOL 学术Law Probab. Risk › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Value of evidence in the rare type match problem: common source versus specific source
Law, Probability and Risk ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgaa002
I N Van Dorp 1 , A J Leegwater 2 , I Alberink 2 , G Jongbloed 1
Affiliation  

In the so-called rare type match problem, the discrete characteristics of a crime stain have not been observed in the set of background material. To assess the strength of evidence, two competing statistical hypotheses need to be considered. The formulation of the hypotheses depends on which identification of source question is of interest (Ommen, 2017). Assuming that the evidence has been generated according to the beta-binomial model, two quantifications of the value of evidence can be found in the literature, but no clear indication is given when to use either of these. When the likelihood ratio is used to quantify the value of evidence, an estimate is needed for the frequency of the discrete characteristics. The central discussion is about whether or not one of the traces needs to be added to the background material when determining this estimate. In this paper it is shown, using fully Bayesian methods, that one of the values of evidence from the literature corresponds to the so-called ‘identification of common source’ problem and the other to the ‘identification of specific source’ problem (Ommen, 2017). This means that the question whether or not one of the traces needs to be added to the background material reduces to the question whether a common source or specific source problem is under consideration. The distinction between the two values is especially important for the rare type match problem, since the values of evidence differ most in this situation.

中文翻译:

罕见类型匹配问题中的证据价值:共同来源与特定来源

在所谓的罕见类型匹配问题中,在背景材料集中没有观察到犯罪污点的离散特征。为了评估证据的强度,需要考虑两个相互竞争的统计假设。假设的制定取决于对源问题的哪个识别感兴趣(Ommen,2017)。假设证据是根据β-二项式模型生成的,在文献中可以找到两种证据价值的量化方式,但没有明确指出何时使用其中任何一种。当似然比用于量化证据的价值时,需要对离散特征的频率进行估计。中心讨论是关于在确定此估计值时是否需要将其中一条痕迹添加到背景材料中。在本文中,使用完全贝叶斯方法表明,文献中的证据值之一对应于所谓的“共同来源的识别”问题,另一个对应于“特定来源的识别”问题(Ommen, 2017)。这意味着是否需要将其中一个痕迹添加到背景材料的问题简化为是否考虑共同来源或特定来源问题的问题。这两个值之间的区别对于罕见类型匹配问题尤其重要,因为在这种情况下证据的值差异最大。文献中的证据值之一对应于所谓的“共同来源的识别”问题,另一个对应于“特定来源的识别”问题(Ommen,2017)。这意味着是否需要将其中一个痕迹添加到背景材料的问题简化为是否考虑共同来源或特定来源问题的问题。这两个值之间的区别对于罕见类型匹配问题尤其重要,因为在这种情况下证据的值差异最大。文献中的证据值之一对应于所谓的“共同来源识别”问题,另一个对应于“特定来源识别”问题(Ommen,2017)。这意味着是否需要将其中一个痕迹添加到背景材料的问题简化为是否考虑共同来源或特定来源问题的问题。这两个值之间的区别对于罕见类型匹配问题尤其重要,因为在这种情况下证据的值差异最大。这意味着是否需要将其中一个痕迹添加到背景材料的问题简化为是否考虑共同来源或特定来源问题的问题。这两个值之间的区别对于罕见类型匹配问题尤其重要,因为在这种情况下证据的值差异最大。这意味着是否需要将其中一个痕迹添加到背景材料的问题归结为是否考虑共同来源或特定来源问题的问题。这两个值之间的区别对于罕见类型匹配问题尤其重要,因为在这种情况下证据的值差异最大。
更新日期:2020-03-01
down
wechat
bug