Investigating the effects of single impulse current (SIC) and multiwaveform multipulse currents (MWMPCs) on metal contributes to the body of knowledge on lightning damage characteristics and mechanisms. This information is the basis for lightning protection of metal-made structures such as oil tanks, wires, and aircraft. In this article, three typical impulse currents, the 30-/80- $\mu \text{s}$ waveform current with amplitude of 150 kA, the 2-ms square-waveform current with amplitude of 2 kA, and the 520-ms rectangular-waveform current with amplitude of 404 A, are individually generated to inflict damage to aluminum alloy (Al 3003) for studying the effects of different lightning currents. Results are further compared to the continuously combined application with MWMPC, which is more close to real lightning. The damaged area of alloy suffered from the combined application experiment is 3156.0 mm2 and damaged depth is 4.7 mm, increased by 15% and 42% compared with the extreme results of individual application. In the MWMPC experiment, oxygen content increases to 35.6% and microhardness grows to 78.5, 21% and 2% higher than the extreme in SIC experiments. Damage deepening effect and crack intensifying effect are discovered in the combined MWMPC experiment. This article provides data for lightning protection and damage modeling.

中文翻译：

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单脉冲电流和多波形多脉冲电流对铝合金雷击损伤分析的影响

研究单脉冲电流 (SIC) 和多波形多脉冲电流 (MWMPC) 对金属的影响有助于了解雷击损坏特性和机制。这些信息是油罐、电线和飞机等金属结构防雷的基础。在本文中，三种典型的冲击电流，幅值为150 kA的30-/80-$\mu\text{s}$波形电流，幅值为2 kA的2-ms方波电流，以及520-分别产生幅度为 404 A 的 ms 矩形波形电流对铝合金（Al 3003）造成损坏，以研究不同雷电流的影响。结果进一步与MWMPC的连续组合应用进行比较，更接近真实的闪电。联合应用试验合金的损伤面积为3156.0 mm2，损伤深度为4.7 mm，与单独应用的极端结果相比分别增加了15%和42%。在 MWMPC 实验中，氧含量增加到 35.6%，显微硬度增加到 78.5，比 SIC 实验中的极端值高 21% 和 2%。结合MWMPC实验发现了损伤加深效应和裂纹强化效应。本文为雷电防护和损伤建模提供数据。结合MWMPC实验发现了损伤加深效应和裂纹强化效应。本文为雷电防护和损伤建模提供数据。结合MWMPC实验发现了损伤加深效应和裂纹强化效应。本文为雷电防护和损伤建模提供数据。