With about 5000 known species, the Vespidae is a large family belongs to order Hymenoptera. The genus Vespa with 22 species is one of the four genera of the subfamily Vespinae. In Korea, 10 species and subspecies are recognized. Because of their social behavior, their treat to human health and their impact in apiculture, the reliable and sometimes automated identification of these insects to species level are important. To test the efficacy of DNA barcoding method for identification of species of the genus Vespa in Korea, 30 samples of eight Korean species of genus Vespa were collected and mitochondrial DNAs of 658 bp fragment cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region were sequenced. A Bayesian Inference based on COI gene of the Korean Vespa species was constructed. The phylogenetic tree shoed that identification of all specimens is possible based on COI gene and we found strong relation between the sequences of the collected species from different localities in South Korea which clustered together with 100% support with sequences of the same species in GenBank. The results demonstrate that DNA barcoding is a useful technique for rapid and accurate species recognition in Korean Vespa species. The DNA barcode part of COI for V. binghami is provided for the first time that can help for identification of this species through DNA barcoding. Also, the genetic diversity among Korean Vespa velutina was zero suggests that the invasion might have occurred in a single event with small number of founders.

威斯皮科拥有大约5000个已知物种，是膜翅目的一个大家族。Vespa属有22种，是Vespinae亚科的四个属之一。在韩国，有10种亚种。由于它们的社会行为，对人类健康的治疗以及对养蜂业的影响，因此对这些昆虫进行可靠，有时自动的物种识别非常重要。为了测试DNA条形码方法鉴定韩国Vespa属物种的功效，收集了8个韩国Vespa属的30个样品，并采集了658 bp片段细胞色素氧化酶亚基（CO1）的线粒体DNA。）区域已测序。基于韩国大黄蜂物种的COI基因构建了贝叶斯推断。系统进化树证明，可以基于COI基因鉴定所有标本，并且我们发现韩国不同地区收集的物种的序列之间有很强的联系，它们与GenBank中相同物种的序列以100％支持聚在一起。结果表明，DNA条形码是一种用于快速准确识别韩国Vespa物种的有用技术。首次提供了宾果弧菌COI的DNA条码部分，可通过DNA条码帮助鉴定该物种。此外，韩国大黄蜂（Vespa velutina）的遗传多样性 为零表示入侵可能发生在创始人人数很少的单个事件中。