Abstract A study was conducted to determine tangible and intangible benefits of local goats to smallholders in low input crop-livestock production system where community-based goat breeding program (goat CBBP) is being implemented. Data was collected through a 12-month flock and household (137 households) monitoring study between August 2017 to July 2018. Data collected was analyzed using enterprise budgeting and cost-return analysis. The results showed that local goat enterprises in smallholder farms are profitable and economically viable. The mean annual net profit per flock and per goat was MK54,406 and MK11, 140 (€1 = MK830.00), respectively. The average return on capital invested was 24.6%, exceeding the prevailing average commercial deposit rate (8%) by several folds. Goats accounted for 61.2% of the total livestock household income representing the biggest contributor, while cattle, pigs and chickens contributed 17.6%, 15.5% and 4.1%, respectively. Sale of live goats constituted the major (79.2%) proportion of the total offtake rate, suggesting that goats are primarily kept for generation of cash revenues. Inclusion of intangible benefits of goats significantly increased the mean annual net profit and the return on capital by 60.3%, reflecting the importance of socio-economic roles goats play in providing current and future economic stability to rural households’ economy. Hence, programs like goat CBBPs are meant to harness the potentials of local goats to optimize their contributions towards reduction of rural poverty and hunger. Therefore, financing and supporting scaling up of such programs is a meaningful direct investment into the development of rural economy.

中文翻译：

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在马拉维小农场饲养当地山羊的有形和无形收益

摘要 进行了一项研究，以确定当地山羊对低投入作物-牲畜生产系统中小农的有形和无形利益，该系统正在实施基于社区的山羊育种计划（山羊 CBBP）。数据是通过 2017 年 8 月至 2018 年 7 月间为期 12 个月的羊群和家庭（137 户）监测研究收集的。收集的数据使用企业预算和成本回报分析进行分析。结果表明，小农场的当地山羊企业盈利且经济可行。每只羊和每头山羊的平均年净利润分别为 MK54,406 和 MK11, 140（1 欧元 = MK830.00）。平均投资资本回报率为 24.6%，比当时的平均商业存款利率 (8%) 高出数倍。山羊占61。占畜牧户总收入的2%是最大的贡献者，而牛、猪和鸡分别贡献了17.6%、15.5%和4.1%。活山羊的销售占总承购率的主要 (79.2%) 比例，表明山羊主要用于产生现金收入。纳入山羊的无形收益使年均净利润和资本回报率显着提高了 60.3%，反映了山羊在为农村家庭经济提供当前和未来经济稳定方面所发挥的社会经济作用的重要性。因此，山羊 CBBP 等计划旨在利用当地山羊的潜力，优化它们对减少农村贫困和饥饿的贡献。所以，