Abstract There is much evidence that the bilingual lexicon is well integrated at the level of individual words. In this article, we propose that it is also integrated at the multiword phrase (MWP) level. We first review the representation of single words within and across languages. Drawing upon this framework, we review current accounts of MWP representations and supporting empirical evidence. Based on the reported parallels between single words and MWPs in many aspects of representation and processing, we propose that MWPs, like single words, also have integrated representations across languages. We then sketch two accounts of how such MWPs might be represented across languages: the online activation model and the learning-based model. Both accounts show how MWPs can be linked across languages at a level corresponding to phrases by sharing meaning and syntax. Importantly, the online activation account regards the between-language MWP links as a channel for cross-language activation during MWP processing. In contrast, the learning-based model treats the links as a channel for reshaping of representation in one lexicon by the other lexicon during MWP learning. We briefly evaluate the two accounts and discuss how to test some of the assumptions of the models.

中文翻译：

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双语者在他们的词典中是否代表了超越词级的语言之间的关系？

摘要 有大量证据表明双语词典在单个词的层面上整合得很好。在本文中，我们建议将其集成到多词短语 (MWP) 级别。我们首先回顾语言内部和语言之间的单个单词的表示。利用这个框架，我们回顾了 MWP 表示的当前帐户和支持的经验证据。基于报告的单个词和 MWPs 在表示和处理的许多方面的相似之处，我们建议 MWPs 与单个词一样，也具有跨语言的集成表示。然后，我们概述了如何跨语言表示此类 MWP 的两个帐户：在线激活模型和基于学习的模型。这两个帐户都展示了如何通过共享含义和语法在与短语对应的级别上跨语言链接 MWP。重要的是，在线激活账号将语言间MWP链接视为MWP处理过程中跨语言激活的渠道。相比之下，基于学习的模型将链接视为在 MWP 学习期间通过另一个词典重塑一个词典中的表示的渠道。我们简要评估这两个帐户并讨论如何测试模型的一些假设。