Abstract While switching costs in production have been explained in terms of top-down cognitive control, researchers do not agree whether switching costs in comprehension should be interpreted in the same way. Within the BIA + model, it has been claimed that the comprehension of code-switches can be explained sufficiently in terms of bottom-up activation of lexical representations. In the current electrophysiological study, L1 speakers of Dutch with high proficiency in L2 English (n = 63) completed a Flanker task in which they intermittently read sentences with or without an alternational code-switch. With this ‘conflict-adaptation’ paradigm we examined whether reading a code-switch engages cognitive control that influences performance on a subsequent Flanker trial. Half of the participants were presented with Dutch sentences and Dutch to English code-switches, while the other half were presented with English sentences and English to Dutch code-switches. On the P300 component, we found a traditional Flanker effect, with larger amplitudes for congruent than for incongruent trials. The effect was modulated by a preceding code-switch and the direction of this modulation depended on the switching direction: the Flanker effect was smaller after a code-switch from L1 to L2 than after a monolingual L1 sentence, but larger after a code-switch from L2 to L1 than after a monolingual L2 sentence. This suggests that the L1 needs to be inhibited when reading a code-switch to the L2, while inhibition needs to be released upon encountering a code-switch from L2 to L1. These results thus show that reading code-switched sentences engages a domain-general cognitive control mechanism external to the lexicon.

中文翻译：

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转换方向调节认知控制在双语阅读理解中的参与：一项 ERP 研究

摘要 虽然生产中的转换成本已经被解释为自上而下的认知控制，但研究人员并不同意理解中的转换成本是否应该以同样的方式解释。在 BIA + 模型中，有人声称可以根据词汇表示的自下而上激活来充分解释对代码转换的理解。在当前的电生理研究中，L2 英语熟练度较高的荷兰语 L1 使用者 (n = 63) 完成了一项 Flanker 任务，在该任务中，他们间歇性地阅读带有或不带有交替代码转换的句子。通过这种“冲突适应”范式，我们检查了阅读代码转换是否参与了影响后续 Flanker 试验表现的认知控制。一半的参与者看到了荷兰语句子和荷兰语到英语的代码转换，而另一半则看到了英语句子和英语到荷兰语的代码转换。在 P300 组件上，我们发现了传统的 Flanker 效应，与非一致试验相比，一致试验的振幅更大。该效果由前面的代码转换调制，该调制的方向取决于转换方向：从 L1 到 L2 的代码转换后的 Flanker 效应比单语 L1 句子后小，但在代码转换后更大从 L2 到 L1 比单语 L2 句子后。这表明在读取到 L2 的代码转换时需要抑制 L1，而在遇到从 L2 到 L1 的代码转换时需要解除抑制。