A latest Permian timeline (251.9 Ma) can be constructed from the perspectives of: a global nickel spike attributed to emissions from the coeval Siberian flood-basalt eruptions, the correlative end-Permian marine mass extinction (EPME), a transition from reversed to normal paleomagnetism, and a negative anomaly in δ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org. In a number of marine and non-marine localities, this timeline is also correlated (to within ≤30 ky) with palynological evidence for the latest Permian destruction of terrestrial vegetation and the accompanying short-lived global fungal (Reduviasporonites) event. This correlation suggests that devastation in marine and non-marine environments was essentially coeval at a time marked by hyperthermal conditions and anoxic oceans.

We utilized this proposed timeline to estimate the relative timing of the extinction of latest Permian vertebrates in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. In several sections in the Karoo, the LAD of the therapsid Dicynodon, is correlated with the proposed timeline. In the Carlton Heights section in the Karoo we estimate that the palynological changes and the fungal event occurred within ≤30 ky of the LAD of Dicynodon. Further sampling in the Karoo and other Permian–Triassic non-marine basins would help to clarify the relative timing of the global marine extinctions, plant devastation and the disappearance of non-marine vertebrates.

可以从以下角度构建最新的二叠纪时间轴（251.9 Ma）：全球镍尖峰归因于西伯利亚古洪水-玄武岩爆发的排放，相关的二叠纪末期海洋生物灭绝（EPME），从逆转到正常的过渡古地磁和负异常中δ ¹³ C ^_{碳水化合物}和δ ¹³ ç_有机。在许多海洋和非海洋地区，该时间线也与古生物学证据表明最近的二叠纪陆生植被破坏以及随之而来的短命全球真菌（Reduviasporonites）有关（≤30 ky以内））事件。这种相关性表明，在以高温和缺氧海洋为标志的时间，海洋和非海洋环境中的破坏基本上是同时发生的。

我们利用这一提议的时间表来估计南非卡鲁盆地最新二叠纪脊椎动物灭绝的相对时间。在卡鲁（Karoo）的几个区域中，节肢动物Dicynodon的LAD与拟议的时间表相关。在Karoo的Carlton Heights部分，我们估计孢粉变化和真菌事件发生在Dicynodon LAD≤30 ky之内。在卡鲁和其他二叠系-三叠纪非海洋盆地中进一步取样将有助于弄清全球海洋灭绝，植物破坏和非海洋脊椎动物消失的相对时间。