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Bat-fruit networks structure resist habitat modification but species roles change in the most transformed habitats
Acta Oecologica ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103550
John Harold Castaño , Jaime Andrés Carranza-Quiceno , y. Jairo Pérez-Torres

Species do not function as isolated entities, rather they are organized in complex networks of interactions. These networks develop the ecological processes that provide ecosystem services for human societies. Understanding the causes and consequences of changes in ecological networks due to landscape modification would allow us to understand the consequences of ecological processes. However, there is still few empirical data on the effects of network characteristics on the loss of natural environments. We investigated how bat–fruit networks respond to three landscapes representing the gradient of modification from pre-montane forest to a heterogeneous agricultural landscape in the Colombian Andes (continuous forests, forest fragments, and crops). We found that forest contained smaller bat–fruit networks than forest fragments and crops. Modified landscapes had similar ecological network structures to forest (nestedness and modularity), but crops contained less specialized networks compared to forests and fragments and the species role in these habitats were changed. The networks in the rural coffee landscape maintain their structure in the different transformation scenarios, indicating that seed dispersal services are maintained even in the most transformed scenarios. Although the number of species does not decrease due to transformations, species change their roles in the most transformed habitats. This result sheds light on the way that bat-fruit networks respond to anthropogenic transformations, showing higher stability than theoretically predicted.



中文翻译:

蝙蝠果网络结构抵抗生境的改变,但物种的角色在大多数转化的生境中改变

物种不充当孤立的实体,而是将它们组织在复杂的相互作用网络中。这些网络发展了为人类社会提供生态系统服务的生态过程。了解由于景观改造而引起的生态网络变化的原因和后果,将使我们能够了解生态过程的后果。但是,关于网络特性对自然环境损失的影响的经验数据仍然很少。我们调查了蝙蝠果网络如何响应三个景观,这些景观代表了从山前森林到哥伦比亚安第斯山脉的异质农业景观(连续森林,森林碎片和农作物)的变化梯度。我们发现,森林的蝙蝠果网络比森林碎片和农作物小。修改过的景观具有与森林相似的生态网络结构(嵌套和模块化),但是与森林和碎片相比,农作物包含的专业网络较少,因此这些栖息地中的物种角色也发生了变化。农村咖啡景观中的网络在不同的转换场景中保持其结构,这表明即使在转换最多的场景中,种子传播服务也得以保持。尽管物种的数量不会因转化而减少,但物种在大多数转化的栖息地中会改变其作用。该结果揭示了蝙蝠果网络对人为转化的响应方式,显示出比理论上更高的稳定性。但是与森林和碎片相比,农作物的专业网络较少,因此在这些栖息地中的物种角色也发生了变化。农村咖啡景观中的网络在不同的转换场景中保持其结构,这表明即使在转换最多的场景中,种子传播服务也得以保持。尽管物种的数量不会因转化而减少,但物种在大多数转化的栖息地中会改变其作用。该结果揭示了蝙蝠果网络对人为转化的响应方式,显示出比理论上更高的稳定性。但是与森林和碎片相比,农作物的专业网络较少,因此在这些栖息地中的物种角色也发生了变化。农村咖啡景观中的网络在不同的转换场景中保持其结构,这表明即使在转换最多的场景中,种子传播服务也得以保持。尽管物种的数量不会因转化而减少,但物种在大多数转化的栖息地中会改变其作用。该结果揭示了蝙蝠果网络对人为转化的响应方式,显示出比理论上更高的稳定性。表明即使在大多数情况下也可以保持种子分发服务。尽管物种的数量不会因转化而减少,但物种在大多数转化的栖息地中会改变其作用。该结果揭示了蝙蝠果网络对人为转化的响应方式,显示出比理论上更高的稳定性。表明即使在大多数情况下也可以保持种子分发服务。尽管物种的数量不会因转化而减少,但物种在大多数转化的栖息地中会改变其作用。该结果揭示了蝙蝠果网络对人为转化的响应方式,显示出比理论上更高的稳定性。

更新日期:2020-04-18
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