Abstract Modern agricultural production requires research for new design and layout plans of the track-chained mover, providing a reduction in soil compaction. One of many ways to improve the efficiency of machine-tractor aggregate (MTA) use is to improve the geometry of the support part of the chain-track tractor. Flat geometry of the support part of a chain-track tractor with a semi-rigid suspension creates maximum pressure on soil with the first and last track rollers, which causes increased soil compaction. Research objective is to ensure the uniform pressure on soil from the tractor with a semi-rigid suspension by justifying the geometry of the supporting part of the track-chained mover. Based on experimental and theoretical studies a model of pressure distribution along the length of the support part was developed. Thus, the geometry of the support part of a track-chained tractor with a semi-rigid suspension was substantiated. Pressure decrease on soil and compaction reduction are achieved by changing the geometry of the support part and rational location of the tractor mass center. To achieve the elliptical geometry of the support part of a track-chained tractor with a semi-rigid suspension lower track rollers were placed at different heights. To test the formulas and to study the influence of the support part geometry, of the hitch height and the force on the hook of a track-chained tractor on soil compaction, experiments were conducted. As a model for experiment, the tractor actively used in agriculture was modernized; chain-track tractor T-170M1.03-55 with flat and elliptical caterpillar bypasses. The pressure was measured directly by pressure sensors that were placed into the ground. Soil density in the track left by a track-chained tractor mainly depends on mover pressure and the number of impacts per pass. Track-chained mover makes two impacts on soil with the flat support part. If the support part geometry is changed, the number of impacts on soil is reduced to one. To create typical working conditions for T-170M1.03-55 track-chained tractor the third and fourth support rollers should be lowered by 9.5 ± 1.5 mm, the second and fifth-by 4.5 ± 0.5 mm relatively, which leads to a decrease in the maximum pressure on soil and reduces its compaction in the track left by the mover by 15–25%.

中文翻译：

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土壤压实管理：使用链式拖拉机减少土壤压实

摘要 现代农业生产需要研究履带式推土机的新设计和布局方案，以减少土壤板结。提高机器拖拉机集料 (MTA) 使用效率的众多方法之一是改进链式拖拉机支撑部分的几何形状。带有半刚性悬挂的链式履带式拖拉机支撑部分的扁平几何形状通过第一个和最后一个履带支重轮对土壤产生最大压力，从而增加土壤压实度。研究目标是通过证明履带链式动子的支撑部分的几何形状的合理性来确保具有半刚性悬挂的拖拉机对土壤的均匀压力。基于实验和理论研究，开发了沿支撑部分长度的压力分布模型。因此，证实了带有半刚性悬挂的履带链式拖拉机支撑部分的几何形状。通过改变支撑部分的几何形状和拖拉机质心的合理位置来实现对土壤的压力降低和压实减少。为了实现带有半刚性悬挂的履带链式拖拉机支撑部分的椭圆几何形状，将下履带支重轮放置在不同的高度。为了测试公式并研究支撑部分几何形状、挂钩高度和履带拖拉机钩上的力对土壤压实的影响，进行了实验。作为实验模型，农业中广泛使用的拖拉机进行了现代化改造；链式拖拉机 T-170M1.03-55 带有扁平和椭圆形履带式旁路。压力由放置在地下的压力传感器直接测量。履带链式拖拉机留下的履带中的土壤密度主要取决于动子压力和每次通过的冲击次数。履带式推土机采用扁平支撑件对土壤产生两次冲击。如果改变支撑部分的几何形状，对土壤的冲击次数将减少到 1 次。为T-170M1.03-55履带拖拉机创造典型工况，第三、第四支托轮应降低9.5±1.5mm，第二、五支托轮相对降低4.5±0.5mm，从而降低土壤上的最大压力，并将其在移动者留下的轨道中的压实度降低 15-25%。履带式推土机采用扁平支撑件对土壤产生两次冲击。如果改变支撑部分的几何形状，对土壤的冲击次数将减少到 1 次。为T-170M1.03-55履带拖拉机创造典型工况，第三、第四支托轮应降低9.5±1.5mm，第二、五支托轮相对降低4.5±0.5mm，从而降低土壤上的最大压力，并将其在移动者留下的轨道中的压实度降低 15-25%。履带式推土机采用扁平支撑件对土壤产生两次冲击。如果改变支撑部分的几何形状，对土壤的冲击次数将减少到 1 次。为T-170M1.03-55履带拖拉机创造典型工况，第三、第四支托轮应降低9.5±1.5mm，第二、五支托轮相对降低4.5±0.5mm，从而降低土壤上的最大压力，并将其在移动者留下的轨道中的压实度降低 15-25%。