Abstract Soil analyses of three saltmarshes in Jaen province (southern Spain) indicated Sodic Solonchack type for Don Benito saltmarsh, and Sodic Calcixerepts for Barranco Hondo and Brujuelo saltmarshes. Three halophytes (Frankenia pulverulenta, Atriplex prostrata, and Plantago coronopus) from these saltmarshes were submitted to long (21 days) and gradual (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl) salinity stress, under hydroponic culture. The results of fresh mass, dry mass, root:shoot ratio, leaf water content, ion content, proline, total phenols, and polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine) were examined to investigate the species’ responses to saline stress. Maximum biomass production and leaf water content was found between 100 and 200 mM NaCl in F. pulverulenta and at 100 mM NaCl in A. prostrata, while a decrease of these parameters was registered in P. coronopus as the salt concentration and salt-exposure time increased. In leaves, Na+ and Cl− accumulation increased with salt concomitant with a reduction of K+ in plants with salt excretion mechanisms (F. pulverulenta and A. prostrata), while high levels of ions were found with and without salt in P. coronopus. For osmotic adjustment, proline content proved important in F. pulverulenta and A. prostrata, while in P. coronopus this osmolyte decreased with salt, while phenols and polyamines increased in all three species. The highest levels in (Spermidine + Spermine): Putrescine ratio was related to the more salt-tolerant species. These results appear to indicate various adaptation responses to salinity. Rising levels of proline, phenols, and polyamines were related to better growth, which could contribute to different degree of tolerance and distribution of these species in saltmarshes.

中文翻译：

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来自哈恩（西班牙南部）内陆盐沼的三种盐生植物的盐度响应

摘要 对哈恩省（西班牙南部）三个盐沼的土壤分析表明，Don Benito 盐沼属于 Sodic Solonchack 类型，Barranco Hondo 和 Brujuelo 盐沼属于 Sodic Calcixerepts。来自这些盐沼的三种盐生植物（Frankenia pulverulenta、Atriplex prostrata 和 Plantago coronopus）在水培培养下经受长期（21 天）和逐渐（0、100、200 和 300 mM NaCl）盐度胁迫。检查新鲜质量、干质量、根茎比、叶含水量、离子含量、脯氨酸、总酚和多胺（腐胺、亚精胺、精胺和尸胺）的结果，以研究该物种对盐胁迫的反应。在 F. pulverulenta 中 100 到 200 mM NaCl 和 A. prostrata 中 100 mM NaCl 之间发现最大的生物量产量和叶水含量，而随着盐浓度和盐暴露时间的增加，这些参数在 P. coronopus 中有所下降。在叶子中，Na+ 和 Cl- 积累随着盐分增加，同时在具有盐排泄机制的植物（F. pulverulenta 和 A. prostrata）中 K+ 减少，而在 P. coronopus 中发现有和没有盐的高水平离子。对于渗透调节，事实证明脯氨酸含量在 F. pulverulenta 和 A. prostrata 中很重要，而在 P. coronopus 中，这种渗透物随盐而减少，而酚类和多胺在所有三个物种中都增加。（亚精胺 + 精胺）中的最高水平：腐胺比率与更耐盐的物种有关。这些结果似乎表明对盐度的各种适应反应。脯氨酸、酚类和多胺水平的上升与更好的生长有关，