New collections are reported of the monospecific genus Polypyrenula, an apparently extinct and doubtfully lichenized fungus, typically classified in the Pyrenulaceae. Anatomical studies reveal that it is facultatively lichenized. The structure of its hamathecium suggests affinities with Dothideomycetes rather than Eurotiomycetes. Molecular analysis using nuLSU and mtSSU markers demonstrates for the first time its inclusion in Trypetheliaceae, outside the core genera as part of the early diverging lineages in this family. The known distribution of Polypyrenula is extended to Mexico and South America, new information on its phorophyte associations is provided, and the name Polypyrenula sexlocularis is reinstated as the correct name for this species.

中文翻译：

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Polypyrenula (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes) 的特性、生态学和分布：分子和解剖学数据揭示的锥虫科新成员

报告了单特异性属的新集合聚芘，一种明显灭绝且可疑地衣化的真菌，通常分类为核桃科. 解剖学研究表明它是兼性地衣。其hamathecium 的结构表明与Dothideomycetes 而不是Eurotiomycetes 的亲缘关系。使用 nuLSU 和 mtSSU 标记的分子分析首次证明它包含在菊科，在核心属之外，作为该家族早期分歧谱系的一部分。已知分布聚芘扩展到墨西哥和南美洲，提供了有关其藻类植物协会的新信息，以及名称六眼聚核桃恢复为该物种的正确名称。